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====== Taxonomy and Diversity of Xanthomonads ======

This data is based on the review by [[https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040862|Catara et al. (2021]]), focused on the molecular methods for diagnosis, detection, and studies on the diversity of plant pathogenic //Xanthomonas//, concentrating especially on regulated pathogens in the European Union published as a collective effort of the [[https://euroxanth.eu/management/wg1|Working Group 1]] 'Diagnostics & Diversity–Population Structure' from the [[https://euroxanth.eu|EuroXanth]] COST Action CA16107.

**Tools for molecular typing of regulated xanthomonads and beyond**

^  Pathogen                                                       ^  Fingerprints                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ^  VNTR/MLVA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ^  CRISPR                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ^  MLSA/MLST                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ^
| **A1 list**                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |||||
| //X. citri// pv. //aurantifolii//                               |  NA<sup>1</sup>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058474|Mhedbi-Hajri (2013)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| //X. citri// pv. //citri//                                      | [[https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.009514-0|Bui Thi Ngoc (2010)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12019|Escalon (2013)]]                                                                                                                                                                                | [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02242.x|Bui Thi Ngoc (2009)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12369|Vernière (2014)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098129|Pruvost (2014)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12876|Leduc (2015)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14007|Richard (2017)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12788|Pruvost (2019)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050945|Pruvost (2021)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13451|Pruvost (2022)]]  | [[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-6267-z|Jeong (2019)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091715|Bellander (2022)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13729|Ibrahim (2023)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnae005|Martins (2024)]]  | [[https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.009514-0|Bui Thi Ngoc (2010)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058474|Mhedbi-Hajri (2013)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-12-23-0490-R|Okoh (2024)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| //X. euvesicatoria// pv. //allii//                              | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.2.184|Gent (2004)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-95-0918|Gent (2005)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-96-1345|Humeau (2006)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-98-8-0919|Picard(2008)]]                                                       | [[https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030536|Vancheva (2021)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058474|Mhedbi-Hajri (2013)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| //X. oryzae// pv. //oryzae//                                    | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.3.302|George (1997)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02768-14|Poulin (2015)]] , \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-023-00648-x|Diallo (2023)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00745.x|Hajri (2012)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-07-13-0213-R|Wonni (2014)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.14813|Sakthivel (2021)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| //X. oryzae// pv. //oryzicola//                                 |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-12-0078-R|Zhao (2012)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02768-14|Poulin (2015)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00745.x|Hajri (2012)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-12-0078-R|Zhao (2012)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
| **A2 list**                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |||||
| //X. arboricola// pv. //corylina//                              |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2014.02.017|Cesbron (2014)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00835-15|Essakhi (2015)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00835-15|Essakhi (2015)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00050-15|Fischer-Le Saux (2015)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| //X. arboricola// pv. //juglandis//                             | [[https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017951406237|Loreti (2001)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0434.2001.00628.x|Scortichini (2001)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02362.x|Hajri (2010)]]                                                                                           | [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2014.02.017|Cesbron (2014)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00835-15|Essakhi (2015)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00835-15|Essakhi (2015)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00050-15|Fischer-Le Saux (2015)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| //X. arboricola// pv. //pruni//                                 | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-95-1081|Boudon (2005)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2014.02.017|Cesbron (2014)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00835-15|Essakhi (2015)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-95-1081|Boudon (2005)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00835-15|Essakhi (2015)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00050-15|Fischer-Le Saux (2015)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| //X. axonopodis// pv. //poinsettiicola//                        |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-14-0867-RE|Rockey (2015)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| //X. euvesicatoria// pv. //euvesicatoria//                      | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-94-8-0993|Hamza (2010)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2011.12.005|Hamza (2012)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2017.08.011|Vancheva (2018)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.09.2024.0138|Siddique (2025)]]                                       | [[https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030536|Vancheva (2021)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-94-8-0993|Hamza (2010)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2011.12.005|Hamza (2012)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058474|Mhedbi-Hajri (2013)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03000-14|Timilsina (2015)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms710046227|Dhakal (2019)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| //X. euvesicatoria// pv. //perforans//                          | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-94-8-0993|Hamza (2010)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2011.12.005|Hamza (2012)]]                                                                                                                                                                               | [[https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030536|Vancheva (2021)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-94-8-0993|Hamza (2010)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2011.12.005|Hamza (2012)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03000-14|Timilsina (2015)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| //X. fragariae//                                                | [[https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.62.9.3121-3127.1996|Pooler (1996)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.64.10.3961-3965.1998|Roberts (1998)]]                                                                                                                                                              | [[https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000189/29874158/|Gétaz (2018)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | [[https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000189/29874158/|Gétaz (2018)]]                                                                                                                                                                                              | [[https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000189/29874158/|Gétaz (2018)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-23-0933-SC|Wei (2023)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| //X. hortorum// pv. //gardneri//                                | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-94-8-0993|Hamza (2010)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2011.12.005|Hamza (2012)]]                                                                                                                                                                               |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-94-8-0993|Hamza (2010)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2011.12.005|Hamza (2012)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03000-14|Timilsina (2015)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| //X. phaseoli// pv. //dieffenbachiae//                          | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.9.980|Khoodoo (2004)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-08-12-0191-R|Donahoo (2013)]]                                                                                                                                                                        |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058474|Mhedbi-Hajri (2013)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| //X. phaseoli// pv. //phaseoli//, //X. citri// pv. //fuscans//  | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.6.593|Mkandawire (2004)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058474|Mhedbi-Hajri (2013)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| //X. translucens// pv. //translucens//                          | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.11.1111|Bragard (1997)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-96-0876|Rademaker (2006)]]                                                                                                                                                                        |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-08-17-0271-R|Curland (2018)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01518-19|Khojasteh (2019)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-19-0134-R|Curland (2020]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-10-22-0381-SA|Hong (2023)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| //X. vesicatoria//                                              | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-94-8-0993|Hamza (2010)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2011.12.005|Hamza (2012)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2017.08.011|Vancheva (2018)]]                                                                                                            |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-94-8-0993|Hamza (2010)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2011.12.005|Hamza (2012)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03000-14|Timilsina (2015)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms710046227|Dhakal (2019)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| //Xylella fastidiosa//                                          | [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.9.4091-4095.2001|Coletta-Filho (2001)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.8.3731-3736.2002|Coletta-Filho (2002)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.1.28|Coletta-Filho (2003)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-97-10-1338|Montero-Astúa (2007)]]  | [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.9.4091-4095.2001|Coletta-Filho (2001)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.8.3731-3736.2002|Coletta-Filho (2002)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.1.28|Coletta-Filho (2003)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-97-10-1338|Montero-Astúa (2007)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68072-5|Mazzaglia (2020)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-04499-6|Dupas (2023)]]                                                                                      |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.12.8491-8499.2005|Scally (2005)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02388-07|Almeida (2008)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-100-6-0601|Yuan (2010)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.06679-11|Parker (2012)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01126-12|Nunney (2012)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03208-12|Nunney (2013)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02920-13|Nunney (2014a)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112463|Nunney (2014b)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03299-15|Jacques (2015)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-016-1245-1|Marcelletti (2016)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-09-16-0321-R|Coletta-Filho (2017)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01521-19|Landa (2020)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-20-1900-RE|Aguilar-Granados (2021)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.02356-21|Kahn (2022)]]  |
| **Other**                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |||||
| //X. phaseoli// pv. //manihotis//                               |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079704|Arrieta-Ortiz (2013)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-14-161|Trujillo (2014)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-06-18-0210-R|Rache (2019)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285491|Rache (2023)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |

<sup>1</sup>  NA: not available.
===== References =====

Aguilar-Granados A, Hernández-Macías B, Santiago-Martínez G, Ruiz-Medrano R, Kameyama-Kawabe L, Hinojosa-Moya J, Del Carmen Montes-Horcasitas M, Xoconostle-Cázares B (2021). Genetic diversity of //Xylella fastidiosa// in Mexican vineyards. Plant Dis. 105: 1490-1494. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-20-1900-RE|10.1094/PDIS-09-20-1900-RE]]

Almeida RP, Nascimento FE, Chau J, Prado SS, Tsai CW, Lopes SA, Lopes JR (2008). Genetic structure and biology of //Xylella fastidiosa// strains causing disease in citrus and coffee in Brazil. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74: 3690-3701. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02388-07|10.1128/AEM.02388-07]]

Arrieta-Ortiz ML, Rodríguez-R LM, Pérez-Quintero Á, Poulin L, Díaz AC, Arias Rojas N, Trujillo C, Restrepo Benavides M, Bart R, Boch J, Boureau T, Darrasse A, David P, Dugé de Bernonville T, Fontanilla P, Gagnevin L, Guérin F, Jacques MA, Lauber E, Lefeuvre P, Medina C, Medina E, Montenegro N, Muñoz Bodnar A, Noël LD, Ortiz Quiñones JF, Osorio D, Pardo C, Patil PB, Poussier S, Pruvost O, Robène-Soustrade I, Ryan RP, Tabima J, Urrego Morales OG, Vernière C, Carrere S, Verdier V, Szurek B, Restrepo S, López C, Koebnik R, Bernal A (2013). Genomic survey of pathogenicity determinants and VNTR markers in the cassava bacterial pathogen //Xanthomonas axonopodis// pv. //manihotis// strain CIO151. PLoS One 8: e79704. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079704|10.1371/journal.pone.0079704]]

Bellanger N, Dereeper A, Koebnik R (2022). Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats in //Xanthomonas citri //- witnesses to a global expansion of a bacterial pathogen over time. Microorganisms 10: 1715. DOI: [[http://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091715|10.3390/microorganisms10091715]]

Boudon S, Manceau C, Nottéghem JL (2005). Structure and origin of //Xanthomonas arboricola// pv. pruni populations causing bacterial spot of stone fruit trees in Western Europe. Phytopathology 95: 1081-1088. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-95-1081|10.1094/PHYTO-95-1081]]

Bragard C, Singer E, Alizadeh A, Vauterin L, Maraite H, Swings J (1997). //Xanthomonas translucens// from small grains: diversity and phytopathological relevance. Phytopathology 87: 1111-1117. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.11.1111|10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.11.1111]]

Bui Thi Ngoc L, Vernière C, Jouen E, Ah-You N, Lefeuvre P, Chiroleu F, Gagnevin L, Pruvost O. (2010). Amplified fragment length polymorphism and multilocus sequence analysis-based genotypic relatedness among pathogenic variants of //Xanthomonas citri// pv. citri and //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. bilvae. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60: 515-525. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.009514-0|10.1099/ijs.0.009514-0]]

Bui Thi Ngoc L, Verniere C, Vital K, Guerin F, Gagnevin L, Brisse S, Ah-You N, Pruvost O (2009). Development of 14 minisatellite markers for the citrus canker bacterium, //Xanthomonas citri// pv. citri. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 9: 125-127. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02242.x|10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02242.x]]

Catara V, Cubero J, Pothier JF, Bosis E, Bragard C, Đermić E, Holeva MC, Jacques MA, Petter F, Pruvost O, Robène I, Studholme DJ, Tavares F, Vicente JG, Koebnik R, Costa J (2021). Trends in molecular diagnosis and diversity studies for phytosanitary regulated //Xanthomonas//. Microorganisms 9: 862. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040862|10.3390/microorganisms9040862]]

Cesbron S, Pothier J, Gironde S, Jacques MA, Manceau C (2014). Development of multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) for //Xanthomonas arboricola// pathovars. J. Microbiol. Methods 100: 84-90. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2014.02.017|10.1016/j.mimet.2014.02.017]]

Coletta-Filho HD, Francisco CS, Lopes JR, Muller C, Almeida RP (2017). Homologous recombination and //Xylella fastidiosa// host-pathogen associations in South America. Phytopathology 107: 305-312. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-09-16-0321-R|10.1094/PHYTO-09-16-0321-R]]

Coletta-Filho HD, Machado MA (2002). Evaluation of the genetic structure of //Xylella fastidiosa// populations from different Citrus sinensis varieties. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68: 3731-3736. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.8.3731-3736.2002|10.1128/AEM.68.8.3731-3736.2002]]

Coletta-Filho HD, Machado MA (2003). Geographical genetic structure of //Xylella fastidios//a from Citrus in São Paulo State, Brazil. Phytopathology 93: 28-34. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.1.28|10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.1.28]]

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Zhao S, Poulin L, Rodriguez-R LM, Serna NF, Liu SY, Wonni I, Szurek B, Verdier V, Leach JE, He YQ, Feng JX, Koebnik R (2012). Development of a variable number of tandem repeats typing scheme for the bacterial rice pathogen //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. oryzicola. Phytopathology 102: 948-956. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-12-0078-R|10.1094/PHYTO-04-12-0078-R]]

===== Further reading =====

Baldi P, La Porta N (2017). //Xylella fastidiosa//: host range and advance in molecular identification techniques. Front. Plant Sci. 8: 944. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00944|10.3389/fpls.2017.00944]]

Nunney L, Elfekih S, Stouthamer R (2012). The importance of multilocus sequence typing: cautionary tales from the bacterium //Xylella fastidiosa//. Phytopathology 102: 456-460. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-10-11-0298|10.1094/PHYTO-10-11-0298]]
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