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====== Plant Resistance Genes in Wheat (//Triticum// spp.) against //Xanthomonas// Infection ======

Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joanna_Swiatczak|Joanna Świątczak]]\\
Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roland_Koelliker|Roland Kölliker]]\\
Expert reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ralf-Koebnik|Ralf Koebnik]]\\

===== Pathogen: //Xanthomonas translucens// pv. //undulosa// (//Xtu//) =====

==== Resistance gene: //Bls1// ====

=== Synonyms ===

//NA//
=== Source ===

//Triticum aestivum// cultivar Pavon 76, Mochis T88 and Angostura F88 (Duveiller //et al.//, 1992).
=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Localized to chromosomes 1A (Adhikari //et al.//, 2012).
=== Molecular markers ===

DArT markers (Adhikari //et al.//, 2012). SNP markers (Gurung //et al.//, 2014).
=== Brief description ===

(Duveiller //et al.//, 1992; Tyrka & Chelkowski, 2004).

----

==== Resistance gene: //Bls2// ====

=== Synonyms ===

//NA//
=== Source ===

//Triticum aestivum// cultivar Pavon 76 (Duveiller //et al.//, 1992).
=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Mapped on chromosome 4A (Adhikari //et al.//, 2012).
=== Molecular markers ===

DArT markers (Adhikari //et al.//, 2012). SNP markers (Gurung //et al.//, 2014).
=== Brief description ===

(Duveiller //et al.//, 1992; Tyrka & Chelkowski, 2004).

----

==== Resistance gene: //Bls3// ====

=== Synonyms ===

//NA//
=== Source ===

//Triticum aestivum// cultivar Mochis T88 (Duveiller //et al.//, 1992).
=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Identified

=== Molecular markers ===

//NA//
=== Brief description ===

(Duveiller //et al.//, 1992; Tyrka & Chelkowski, 2004).

----

==== Resistance gene: //Bls4// ====

=== Synonyms ===

//NA//
=== Source ===

//Triticum aestivum// cultivar Mochis T88 (Duveiller //et al.//, 1992).
=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Identified

=== Molecular markers ===

//NA//
=== Brief description ===

(Duveiller //et al.//, 1992; Tyrka & Chelkowski, 2004).

----

==== Resistance gene: //Bls5// ====

=== Synonyms ===

//NA//
=== Source ===

//Triticum aestivum// cultivar Turaco F88, Angostura F88 (Duveiller //et al.//, 1992).
=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Mapped on chromosome 7D (Adhikari //et al.//, 2012).
=== Molecular markers ===

DArT markers (Adhikari //et al.//, 2012). SNP markers (Gurung //et al.//, 2014).
=== Brief description ===

(Duveiller //et al.//, 1992; Tyrka & Chelkowski, 2004).

----

==== Resistance gene: //QBls.fcu-3B.1// ====

=== Synonyms ===

//NA//
=== Source ===

Wheat variety Boost (Acharya //et al.//, 2024).
=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Identified, mapped on chromosome 3B (Acharya //et al.//, 2024).
=== Molecular markers ===

KASP markers (Acharya //et al.//, 2024).
=== Brief description ===

QTL under field and greenhouse conditions (Acharya //et al.//, 2024).

----

==== Resistance gene: //QBls.fcu-5A// ====

=== Synonyms ===

//NA//
=== Source ===

Wheat variety Boost (Acharya //et al.//, 2024).
=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Identified, mapped on chromosome 5A (Acharya //et al.//, 2024).
=== Molecular markers ===

KASP markers (Acharya //et al.//, 2024).
=== Brief description ===

QTL under field and greenhouse conditions (Acharya //et al.//, 2024).

----

==== Resistance gene: //QBls.fcu-5B.1// ====

=== Synonyms ===

//NA//
=== Source ===

Wheat variety Boost (Acharya //et al.//, 2024).
=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Identified, mapped on chromosome 5B (Acharya //et al.//, 2024).
=== Molecular markers ===

KASP markers (Acharya //et al.//, 2024).
=== Brief description ===

QTL under greenhouse conditions (Acharya //et al.//, 2024).

----

==== Resistance gene: //QBls.fcu-7D// ====

=== Synonyms ===

//NA//
=== Source ===

Synthetic hexaploid wheat line W-7984 (Acharya //et al.//, 2024).
=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Identified, mapped on chromosome 7D (Acharya //et al.//, 2024).
=== Molecular markers ===

KASP markers (Acharya //et al.//, 2024).
=== Brief description ===

QTL under field and greenhouse conditions (Acharya //et al.//, 2024).

----

==== Resistance gene: //S1A_305713424// ====

=== Synonyms ===

//NA//
=== Source ===

Cultivated emmer wheat lines (Khan //et al.//, 2025).
=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Identified, mapped on chromosome 1A (Khan //et al.//, 2025).
=== Molecular markers ===

SNP marker (Khan //et al.//, 2025).
=== Brief description ===

QTL on chromosome 1A, which explained 6.1% of the total phenotypic variation (Khan //et al.//, 2025).

----

===== Pathogen: //Xanthomonas translucens// pv. //translucens// (//Xtt//) =====

==== Resistance gene: //Xct1// ====

=== Synonyms ===

//NA//
=== Source ===

Triticale (//X. triticosecale// WITTMACK) (Johnson //et al.//, 1987).
=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Mapped on chromosome 5R (Wen //et al.//, 2018).
=== Molecular markers ===

//NA//
=== Brief description ===

Three triticale lines, Sir&you, M2A-Beagle and OK 77842, have been reported to possess resistance to bacterial leaf streak caused by //Xanthomonas translucens// pv. //translucens//, formerly called //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //translucens// (//Xct//). The three resistant lines were crossed to susceptible lines and crossed with each other. F2, BCt-Fi, BCz-Ft plants were inoculated with a mixture of two //Xct// strains. The segregation data indicated the presence of a single dominant gene in each of the three resistant lines to bacterial leaf streak. These three genes were either the same or closely linked and therefore designated as //Xct// <sub>1</sub> (Johnson //et al.//, 1987).

----

===== References =====

Acharya K, Liu Z, Schachterle J, Kumari P, Manan F, Xu SS, Green AJ, Faris JD (2024). Genetic mapping of QTLs for resistance to bacterial leaf streak in hexaploid wheat. Theor. Appl. Genet.137: 265. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-024-04767-x|10.1007/s00122-024-04767-x]]

Adhikari TB, Gurung S, Hansen JM, Jackson EW, Bonman JM (2012). Association mapping of quantitative trait loci in spring wheat landraces conferring resistance to bacterial leaf streak and spot blotch. Plant Genome 5: 1-16. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.3835/plantgenome2011.12.0032|10.3835/plantgenome2011.12.0032]]

Duveiller E, van Ginkel M, Thijssen M (1992). Genetic analysis of resistance to bacterial leaf streak caused by //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //undulosa// in bread wheat. Euphytica 66: 35-43. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00023506|10.1007/BF00023506]]

Gurung S, Mamidi S, Bonman JM, Xiong M, Brown-Guedira G, Adhikari TB (2014). Genome-wide assosciation study reveals novel quantitative trait loci associated with resistance to multiple leaf spot diseases inof spring wheat. PLoS One 9: e108179. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108179|10.1371/journal.pone.0108179]]

Johnson JW, Cunfer BM, Morey DD (1987). Inheritance of resistance to //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //translucens// in triticale. Euphytica 36: 603-607. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00041509|10.1007/BF00041509]]

Khan H, Manan F, Acharya N, Pothula H, Basyal S, Salsman E, Hegstad J, Liang Z, Liu Z, Li X (2026). Phenotypic evaluation and genome-wide association mapping for bacterial leaf streak resistance in a worldwide cultivated emmer wheat collection. Phytopathology
116: 129-136 . DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0071-R|10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0071-R]]

Ritzinger MG, Sallam A, Smith KP, Case AJ, Wodarek J, Curland RD, Dill-Macky R, Steffenson BJ (2023). Genome-wide association mapping of bacterial leaf streak resistance in two elite barley breeding panels. Phytopathology 113: 2119-2126 . DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-10-22-0402-SA|10.1094/PHYTO-10-22-0402-SA]]

Thapa S, Singh M, Gill H, Ali S, Halder J, Koupal D, Sidhu JS, Sehgal S (2025). Identification of novel sources and genetic mapping for bacterial leaf streak resistance in a geographically diverse panel of wheat. Plant Dis., in press. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-25-1021-RE|10.1094/PDIS-05-25-1021-RE]]

Tyrka M, Chelkowski J (2004). Enhancing the resistance of triticale by using genes from wheat and rye. J. Appl. Genet. 45: 283-296. PDF: [[http://jag.igr.poznan.pl/2004-Volume-45/3/pdf/2004_Volume_45_3-283-295.pdf|jag.igr.poznan.pl/2004]]

Velasco DD, Shi G, Bruggeman R, Horsley R, Baldwin T, Liu Z (2026). Identification and genomic location of resistance to bacterial leaf streak of barley. Plant Genome 19: e70231. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.70231|10.1002/tpg2.70231]]

Wen A, Jayawardana M, Fiedler J, Sapkota S, Shi G, Peng Z, Liu S, White FF, Bogdanove AJ, Li X, Liu Z (2018). Genetic mapping of a major gene in triticale conferring resitance to bacterial leaf streak. Theor. Appl. Genet. 131: 649-658. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-017-3026-x|10.1007/s00122-017-3026-x]]

----

===== Further reading =====

Sapkota S, Mergoum M, Liu Z (2020). The translucens group of //Xanthomonas translucens//: Complicated and important pathogens causing bacterial leaf streak on cereals. Mol. Plant Pathol. 21: 291‐302. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12909|10.1111/mpp.12909]]

Zhao S, Li M, Ren X, Wang C, Sun X, Sun M, Yu X, Wang X (2024). Enhancement of broad-spectrum disease resistance in wheat through key genes involved in systemic acquired resistance. Front. Plant Sci. 15: 1355178. DOI: [[https://10.3389/fpls.2024.1355178|10.3389/fpls.2024.1355178]]

----

===== Acknowledgements =====

This fact sheet is based upon work from COST Action CA16107 EuroXanth, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).
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