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====== Plant Resistance Genes in Italian ryegrass (//Lolium multiflorum// L.) against //Xanthomonas// Infection ======

Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Florian_Goettelmann|Florian Goettelmann]]\\
Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jaroslav_Michalko|Jaroslav Michalko]]\\
Expert reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roland_Koelliker|Roland Kölliker]]\\

===== Pathogen: //Xanthomonas transluscens// pv. //graminis// (//Xtg//) =====

==== Resistance gene: major LG4 QTL ====

=== Synonyms ===

//NA//

=== Source ===

M2289.

=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Mapped on LG4.

=== Molecular markers ===

LpSSRK05A11 (SSR), P38M50_252 (AFLP).

=== Brief description ===

Explained 66.8% of resistance in one glasshouse experiment and 43.3% or 83.8% of resistance in two field experiments (Studer //et al.//, 2006).

----

==== Resistance gene: minor LG4 QTL ====

=== Synonyms ===

//NA//

=== Source ===

M2289.

=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Mapped on LG4.

=== Molecular markers ===

P32M50_410 (AFLP).

=== Brief description ===

Explained 10.8% of resistance in one field experiment (Studer //et al.//, 2006).

----

==== Resistance gene: minor LG1 QTL ====

=== Synonyms ===

//NA//

=== Source ===

M2289.

=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Mapped on LG1.

=== Molecular markers ===

LMgSSR04-06F (SSR).

=== Brief description ===

Explained 2.9% of resistance in one field experiment (Studer //et al.//, 2006).

----

==== Resistance gene: minor LG5 QTL ====

=== Synonyms ===

//NA//

=== Source ===

M2289.

=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Mapped on LG5.

=== Molecular markers ===

E41M47_133 (AFLP).

=== Brief description ===

Explained 7.4% of resistance in one glasshouse experiment (Studer //et al.//, 2006).

----

==== Resistance gene: minor LG6 QTL ====

=== Synonyms ===

//NA//

=== Source ===

M2289.

=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Mapped on LG6.

=== Molecular markers ===

E39M50_196 (AFLP).

=== Brief description ===

Explained 7.3% of resistance in one field experiment (Studer //et al.//, 2006).

----

==== Candidate gene: F-BstCT-MseCA-188 ====

=== Synonyms ===

CX066043.

=== Source ===

« genotype A » (advanced breeding germplasm, Agroscope FAL Reckenholz, Switzerland).

=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Identified.

=== Molecular markers ===

//NA//

=== Brief description ===

Homology to an ERBP transcription factor in //Oryza sativa// (Rechsteiner //et al.//, 2006).

----

==== Candidate gene: F-BstTT-MseGG-159 ====

=== Synonyms ===

CX066053.

=== Source ===

« genotype A » (advanced breeding germplasm, Agroscope FAL Reckenholz, Switzerland).

=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Identified.

=== Molecular markers ===

//NA//

=== Brief description ===

Homology to a transforming growth factor TGF-β receptor-interacting protein from //O. sativa// (Rechsteiner //et al.//, 2006)

----

==== Candidate gene: F-BstCG-MseGT-220 ====

=== Synonyms ===

CX066037.

=== Source ===

« genotype A » (advanced breeding germplasm, Agroscope FAL Reckenholz, Switzerland).

=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Identified.

=== Molecular markers ===

//NA//

=== Brief description ===

Homology to an EST sequence derived from //Vitis vinifera// infected with //Xylella fastidiosa// (Rechsteiner //et al.//, 2006)

----

==== Candidate gene: F-BstCA-MseTG-50 ====

=== Synonyms ===

CX066030.

=== Source ===

« genotype A » (advanced breeding germplasm, Agroscope FAL Reckenholz, Switzerland).

=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Identified.

=== Molecular markers ===

//NA//

=== Brief description ===

Homology to guanine nucleotide-binding protein beta (GB1) in //Oryza sativa// (Rechsteiner //et al.//, 2006).

----

==== Candidate gene: //r_010d_c04// ====

=== Synonyms ===

Lsi1.

=== Source ===

LmB-01 (Syn1 progeny).

=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Identified.

=== Molecular markers ===

//NA//

=== Brief description ===

Belongs to the nodulin26-like major intrinsic protein sub-family of aquaporins (Wichmann //et al.//, 2011) .

----

==== Candidate gene: r_010d_c02 ====

=== Synonyms ===

//NA//

=== Source ===

LmB-01 (Syn1 progeny).

=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Identified.

=== Molecular markers ===

//NA//

=== Brief description ===

Belongs to the germin-like protein family (Wichmann //et al.//, 2011).

----

==== Candidate gene: rg6_008b_d08 ====

=== Synonyms ===

//NA//

=== Source ===

LmB-01 (Syn1 progeny).

=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Mapped on LG4.

=== Molecular markers ===

//NA//

=== Brief description ===

Synaptobrevin-like vesicle-associated membrane protein (Wichmann //et al.//, 2011)

----

==== Candidate gene: ve_007b_e10 ====

=== Synonyms ===

MFS18.

=== Source ===

LmB-01 (Syn1 progeny).

=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Identified.

=== Molecular markers ===

//NA//

=== Brief description ===

Flowering protein MFS18 (Wichmann //et al.//, 2011).

----

==== Candidate gene: gsa_007c_h09 ====

=== Synonyms ===

MFS18.

=== Source ===

LmB-01 (Syn1 progeny).

=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Identified.

=== Molecular markers ===

//NA//

=== Brief description ===

Ankyrin (ANK) repeat protein (Wichmann //et al.//, 2011).

----

==== Candidate gene: AT5G47850; CRINKLY4-related protein ====

=== Synonyms ===

//NA//

=== Source ===

Xtg-ART (M2289 x Adret).

=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Mapped on LG4.

=== Molecular markers ===

SNP markers.

=== Brief description ===

CRINKLY4 (serine/ threonine protein kinase-like protein CCR4)-related protein (Knorst //et al.//, 2019).

----

==== Candidate gene: AT3G07960; SWEET17 ====

=== Synonyms ===

//NA//

=== Source ===

Xtg-ART (M2289 x Adret).

=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Mapped on LG4.

=== Molecular markers ===

SNP markers.

=== Brief description ===

Nodulin MtN3 family protein (SWEET17) (Knorst //et al.//, 2019).

----

==== Candidate gene: Brassinosteroid Insensitive 1 (BRI1)-associated kinase-interacting receptor-like kinase 1 ====

=== Synonyms ===

BAK1.

=== Source ===

Xtg-ART (M2289 x Adret).

=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Mapped on LG4.

=== Molecular markers ===

SNP markers.

=== Brief description ===

BAK1-interacting receptor-like kinase 1 (Knorst //et al.//, 2019).

----

==== Candidate gene: Pik-2-like disease resistance protein (evm.TU.chr4.21718) ====

=== Synonyms ===

Pik2-like

=== Source ===

F2 mapping population derived from XtgArt03 (Studer et al. 2006).

=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Identified and sequenced on LG 4

=== Molecular markers ===

SNP markers / gene sequence

=== Brief description ===

High-resolution bulked segregant analysis identified a ~300kb region associated with bacterial wilt resistance in Italian ryegrass (Goettelmann et al. 2024)

----

==== Candidate gene: Cystein-rich kinase 6 (evm.TU.chr4.21727) ====

=== Synonyms ===

CRK 6

=== Source ===

F2 mapping population derived from XtgArt03 (Studer et al. 2006).

=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Identified and sequenced on LG 4

=== Molecular markers ===

SNP markers / gene sequence

=== Brief description ===

High-resolution bulked segregant analysis identified a ~300kb region associated with bacterial wilt resistance in Italian ryegrass (Goettelmann et al. 2024)

----

==== Candidate gene: Cystein-rich kinase 8 (evm.TU.chr4.21737/8) ====

=== Synonyms ===

CRK 8

=== Source ===

F2 mapping population derived from XtgArt03 (Studer et al. 2006).

=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Identified and sequenced on LG 4

=== Molecular markers ===

SNP markers / gene sequence

=== Brief description ===

High-resolution bulked segregant analysis identified a ~300kb region associated with bacterial wilt resistance in Italian ryegrass (Goettelmann et al. 2024)

----

==== Candidate gene: Serine protease inhibitor (evm.TU.chr4.21747-50) ====

=== Synonyms ===

SERPIN

=== Source ===

F2 mapping population derived from XtgArt03 (Studer et al. 2006).

=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Identified and sequenced on LG 4

=== Molecular markers ===

SNP markers / gene sequence

=== Brief description ===

High-resolution bulked segregant analysis identified a ~300kb region associated with bacterial wilt resistance in Italian ryegrass (Goettelmann et al. 2024)

----

==== Candidate gene: Resistance gene analog 4-like disease resistance protein (evm.TU.chr4.21754) ====

=== Synonyms ===

RGA5-like

=== Source ===

F2 mapping population derived from XtgArt03 (Studer et al. 2006).

=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Identified and sequenced on LG 4

=== Molecular markers ===

SNP markers / gene sequence

=== Brief description ===

High-resolution bulked segregant analysis identified a ~300kb region associated with bacterial wilt resistance in Italian ryegrass (Goettelmann et al. 2024)

----

==== Candidate gene: Resistance gene analog 5-like disease resistance protein (XLOC_055978/76) ====

=== Synonyms ===

RGA5-like

=== Source ===

F2 mapping population derived from XtgArt03 (Studer et al. 2006).

=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===

Identified and sequenced on LG 4

=== Molecular markers ===

SNP markers / gene sequence

=== Brief description ===

High-resolution bulked segregant analysis identified a ~300kb region associated with bacterial wilt resistance in Italian ryegrass (Goettelmann et al. 2024)

----

===== References =====

Goettelmann F, Yutang C, Knorst V, Yates S, Copetti D, Studer B, Kölliker R (2024). High resolution bulked segregant analysis enables candidate gene identification for bacterial wilt resistance in Italian ryegrass (//Lolium multiflorum// Lam.). Plant J. 118: 1516-1527. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.16693|10.1111/tpj.16693]]

Knorst V, Byrne S, Yates S, Asp T, Widmer F, Studer B, Kölliker R (2019). Pooled DNA sequencing to identify SNPs associated with a major QTL for bacterial wilt resistance in Italian ryegrass (//Lolium multiflorum// Lam.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 132: 947-958. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-018-3250-z|10.1007/s00122-018-3250-z]]

Rechsteiner MP, Widmer F, Kölliker R (2006). Expression profiling of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) during infection with the bacterial wilt inducing pathogen //Xanthomonas translucens// pv. //graminis//. Plant Breeding 125: 43-51. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2006.01170.x|10.1111/j.1439-0523.2006.01170.x]]

Studer B, Boller B, Herrmann D, Bauer E, Posselt UK, Widmer F, Kölliker R (2006). Genetic mapping reveals a single major QTL for bacterial wilt resistance in Italian ryegrass (//Lolium multiflorum// Lam.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 113: 661-671. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-006-0330-2|10.1007/s00122-006-0330-2]]

Wichmann F, Asp T, Widmer F, Kölliker R (2011). Transcriptional responses of Italian ryegrass during interaction with //Xanthomonas translucens// pv. //graminis// reveal novel candidate genes for bacterial wilt resistance. Theor. Appl. Genet. 122: 567-579. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-010-1470-y|10.1007/s00122-010-1470-y]]

----

===== Further reading =====

Sapkota S, Mergoum M, Liu Z (2020). The translucens group of //Xanthomonas translucens//: complicated and important pathogens causing bacterial leaf streak on cereals. Mol. Plant Pathol. 21: 291‐302. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12909|doi:10.1111/mpp.12909]]

----

===== Acknowledgements =====

This fact sheet is based upon work from COST Action CA16107 EuroXanth, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).
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