====== Molecular Methods in Diagnosis and Detection of Regulated Xanthomonads ====== This data is based on the review by [[https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040862|Catara et al. (2021]]), focused on the molecular methods for diagnosis, detection, and studies on the diversity of plant pathogenic //Xanthomonas//, concentrating especially on regulated pathogens in the European Union published as a collective effort of the [[https://euroxanth.eu/management/wg1|Working Group 1]] 'Diagnostics & Diversity–Population Structure' from the [[https://euroxanth.eu|EuroXanth]] COST Action CA16107. **Main protocols described for regulated xanthomonads based on amplification of specific target DNAs.** ^ Disease ^ Bacteria ^ Conventional PCR ^ qPCR1 ^ IA2 Methods ^ | Onion bacterial blight | //X. euvesicatoria// pv. //alli// | [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02697-09|Robène-Soustrade (2010)]] | [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2015.04.017|Robène (2015)]] | NA3 | | Citrus bacterial canker | //X. citri// pv. //citri// \\ //X. aurantifolii// pathotypes B and C | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-86-95|Hartung (1996)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.3.1257-1264.2002|Cubero (2002)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02787.x|Coletta-Filho (2006)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2005.07.005|Suk Park (2006)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02390.x|Kositcharoenkul (2011)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7676|Fonseca (2019)]] | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.1.61|Mavrodieva (2004)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-95-1333|Cubero (2005)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-020-01972-8|Robène (2020)]] | [[https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-10-176|Rigano (2010)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10061153|Webster (2022)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111590|Sidireddi (2024)]] | | Bacterial spot of stone fruits, walnut blight, hazelnut blight | //X. arboricola// pvs. //pruni//, //corylina// and //juglandis// | [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-0072-3|Park (2010)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-16-1481-RE|Fernandes (2017)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2019.03.003|Jouen (2019)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-020-00505-6|Webber (2020)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1254107|Kałużna (2023)]] | [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01593-10|Palacio-Bielsa (2011)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00573|Garita-Cambronero (2017)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-18-2253-RE|Martins (2019)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1254107|Kałużna (2023)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-24-0012-RE|Panth (2024)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-024-13288-y|Sabuquillo (2024)]] | [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2012.02654.x|Bühlmann (2013)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.07.2019.0197|Li (2021)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1254107|Kałużna (2023)]] | | Bacterial leaf blight and bacterial leaf streak of rice | //X. oryzae// pvs. //oryzae// and //oryzicola// | [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530100641|Sakthivel (2001)]], \\ [[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18852502/|Kang (2008)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-94-3-0311|Lang (2010)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-10-0399|Cho (2011)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(12)60047-1|Shen (2012)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00791|Singhal (2015)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13094|Cui (2016)]] | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-10-0399|Cho (2011)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2012.04.014|Kang (2012)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.18699/VJGB-22-66|Koroleva (2022)]] | [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00274-14|Lang (2014)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2022.114076|Zhu (2022)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2023.106466|Buddhachat (2024)]] | | Bacterial spot of pepper and tomato | //X. euvesicatoria// pvs. //euvesicatoria// and //perforans//, \\ //X. hortorum// pv. //gardneri//, \\ //X. vesicatoria// | [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02690.x|Moretti (2009)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05431.x|Araújo (2011)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-013-0225-4|Araújo (2013)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2012.08.008|Beran (2013)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2009.808.13|Koenraadt (2019)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2019.104978|Pečenka (2020)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.08.2022.0119|Siddique (2023)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-12-22-0479-R|Utami (2023)]] | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-15-1085-RE|Strayer (2016)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2019.104978|Pečenka (2020)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.08.2022.0119|Siddique (2023)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-12-22-0479-R|Utami (2023)]] | [[https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32295-4|Larrea-Sarmiento (2018)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-03-18-0101-R|Strayer-Scherer (2019)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091301|Stehlíková (2020)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-22-1098-RE|Beran (2023)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.08.2022.0119|Siddique (2023)]] \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-12-23-0481-R|Shymanovich (2024)]] | | Bacterial angular leaf spot of strawberry | //X. fragariae// | [[https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1997.439.136|Hartung (1997)]], \\ [[https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=IT2001060012|Cruz (1999)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2004.04.002|Stöger (2004)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2005.00812.x|Moltmann (2005)]] | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-98-3-0359|Turechek (2008)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01813.x|Vandroemme (2008)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2009.842.44|Cubero (2009)]] | [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147122|Wang (2016)]], [[https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12665|Gétaz (2017)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-19-2248-RE|Wang (2020)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12900|Immanuel (2020)]] | | Bacterial blight of anthurium and other aroids | //X. phaseoli// pv. //dieffenbachiae// | [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-005-7062-z|Khoodoo (2005)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.72.2.1072-1078.2006|Robène-Soustrade (2006)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12083|Chabirand (2014)]] | [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2019.03.003|Jouen (2019)]] | [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-015-0653-4|Jun-Hai (2015)]] | | Bacterial leaf spot of poinsettia | //X. axonopodis// pv. //poinsetticola// | [[https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2015.0049|Back (2015)]] | NA | NA | | Bacterial leaf streak and black chaff of cereals | //X. translucens// pv. //translucens// | [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.1995.tb01459.x|Maes (1995)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-07-22-0262-SA|Roman-Reyna (2023)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-10-22-0381-SA|Hong (2023)]] | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-22-0574-RE|Sarkes (2022)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-01-23-0022-SA|Tambong (2023)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-23-0887-SR|Fu (2023)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-23-1827-RE|Tambong (2024)]] | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-08-16-0286-R|Langlois (2017)]], \\ [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-22-0574-RE|Sarkes (2022)]] | | Common blight of bean | //X. phaseoli// pv. phaseoli, \\ //X. citri// pv. //fuscans// | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-86-361|Audy (1996)]] | NA | [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-19-0325-RE|De Paiva (2020)]] | 1 qPCR: quantitative real-time PCR; 2 IA: isothermal amplification: 3 NA: not applicable. ===== References ===== Araújo ER, Costa JR, Ferreira MASV, Quezado-Duval AM (2012). 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