====== The Type III Effector XopU from //Xanthomonas// ======

Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ralf_Koebnik|Ralf Koebnik]]\\
Internal reviewer:\\
Expert reviewer: **WANTED!**

Class: XopU\\
Family: XopU\\
Prototype: XOO2877 (//Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//; strain T7174)\\
GenBank ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/BAE69632.1|BAE69632.1]] (985 aa)\\
RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_011408937.1|WP_011408937.1]] (985 aa)\\
3D structure: Unknown

===== Biological function =====

=== How discovered? ===

XopU was discovered via genome-wide screening for effector candidates in //X. oryzae// pv. //oryzae// (//Xoo//) strain MAFF 311018 in accordance with three criteria: i) ORF encoding proteins homologous to effectors of //P. syringae// strains and //X. campestris// pv. //vesicatoria//, ii) HrpX regulons preceded by two cis elements (Plant Induced Promoter, PIP; and -10 box-like motif) or iii) proteins with an N-terminal amino acid composition similar to known effectors (more than 10% of Ser in the first 50 amino aa, no Asp or Glu residues in the first 12 aa, and an aliphatic amino acid or Pro at the third or fourth position) (Furutani //et al//., 2009).
=== (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===

TT3S-dependent translocation of XopU has been shown by a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase reporter assay (Furutani //et al//., 2009).
=== Regulation ===

=== Phenotypes ===

//Agrobacterium//-mediated transient expression of both XopQ and XopX in rice cells resulted in induction of rice immune responses, which were not observed when either protein was individually expressed. A screen for //Xanthomonas// effectors which can suppress XopQ-XopX induced rice immune responses, led to the identification of five effectors, namely XopU, XopV, XopP, XopG and AvrBs2, that could individually suppress these immune responses. These results suggest a complex interplay of //Xanthomonas// T3SS effectors in suppression of both pathogen-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity to promote virulence on rice (Deb //et al.//, 2020).
=== Localization ===

=== Enzymatic function ===

=== Interaction partners ===

===== Conservation =====

=== In xanthomonads ===

=== In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===

===== References =====

Deb S, Ghosh P, Patel HK, Sonti RV (2020). Interaction of the //Xanthomonas// effectors XopQ and XopX results in induction of rice immune responses. Plant J., in press. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14924|10.1111/tpj.14924]]

Furutani A, Takaoka M, Sanada H, Noguchi Y, Oku T, Tsuno K, Ochiai H, Tsuge S (2009). Identification of novel type III secretion effectors in //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 22: 96-106. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-22-1-0096|10.1094/MPMI-22-1-0096]]