====== The Type III Effector XopBA from //Xanthomonas// ======

Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ralf-Koebnik|Ralf Koebnik]]\\
Internal reviewer:\\
Expert reviewer: **WANTED!**

Class: XopBA\\
Family: XopBA\\
Prototype: XopBA (//Xanthomonas euvesicatoria// pv. //euvesicatoria//; strain 66b)\\
RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_227478587.1|WP_227478587.1]] (500 aa)\\
3D structure: Unknown

===== Biological function =====

=== How discovered? ===

XopBA was discovered by homology to HopW/HopPmaA in //Pseudomonas syringae// (70% aa sequence identity) and EspW in //Escherichia coli// (30% aa sequence identity) (Stavrinides & Guttman, 2004; Sandu et al., 2017).
=== (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===

No evidence.

=== Regulation ===

Unknown.

=== Phenotypes ===

Ectopic expression of the distant homolog in //E. coli//, EspW, results in formation of unique membrane protrusions (Sandu //et al.//, 2017)
=== Localization ===

The distant homolog in //E. coli//, EspW, and Kif15 colocalized in cotransfected cells, while ectopically expressed Kif15 localized to the actin pedestals following EHEC infection (Sandu //et al.//, 2017).
=== Enzymatic function ===

The distant homolog in //E. coli//, EspW, modulates actin dynamics in a Rac1-dependent manner (Sandu //et al.//, 2017).
=== Interaction partners ===

The distant homolog in //E. coli//, EspW, was found to interact with the motor protein Kif15 in a yeast two-hybrid screen (Sandu //et al.//, 2017).

===== Conservation =====

=== In xanthomonads ===

Yes (//e.g.//, //X. euvesicatoria, X. citri, X. transclucens, X. vasicola//).
=== In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===

Yes (//Acidovorax// spp., //Erwinia// spp., //Pseudomonas syringae//).

===== References =====

Sandu P, Crepin VF, Drechsler H, McAinsh AD, Frankel G, Berger CN (2017). The enterohemorrhagic //Escherichia coli// effector EspW triggers actin remodeling in a Rac1-dependent manner. Infect. Immun. 85: e00244-17. doi: [[https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00244-17|10.1128/IAI.00244-17]]

Stavrinides J, Guttman DS (2004). Nucleotide sequence and evolution of the five-plasmid complement of the phytopathogen //Pseudomonas syringae// pv. //maculicola// ES4326. J. Bacteriol. 186: 5101-5115. doi: [[https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.186.15.5101-5115.2004|10.1128/JB.186.15.5101-5115.2004]]