====== The Type III Effector XopAY from //Xanthomonas// (replaced by XopAV) ======

Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ralf-Koebnik|Ralf Koebnik]]\\
Internal reviewer:\\
Expert reviewer:

Class: XopAY\\
Family: XopAY\\
Prototype: XC_3176 (//Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //campestris//; strain 8004)\\
GenBank ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/AAY50220.1|AAY50220.1]] (244 aa)\\
3D structure: Unknown

===== Biological function =====

=== How discovered? ===

XopAY was originally assigned to [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/AAY50220.1|XC_3176]], a protein that was identified as a type 3 effector (see below; Yang //et al.//, 2015). The N-terminal portion of [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/AAY50220.1|XC_3176]] is similar to [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/CAJ22828.1|XCV1197]] and the C-terminal portion is similar to [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/CAJ22829.1|XCV1198]]. [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/CAJ22828.1|XCV1197]] was shown to contain a type 3 secretion signal and was called [[:bacteria:t3e:xopav|XopAV]], now classified as XopAV1 (Teper //et al.//, 2016 ), whereas [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/AAY50220.1|XC_3176]] was classified as XopAV2.
<code>

XopAV1          ------------------------------------------------------------
XCV1197         MRREQCTKQCRRGRSCAGAACLGRWRGGIGAGCGGQRARSTRSPATLLVCLQRYVARACT
XCV1198         ------------------------------------------------------------
XC_3176         ------------------------------------------------------------
XopAV2          ------------------------------------------------------------

XopAV1          -------------------------------MARIHSGEVTMRPLALTSVTRRGARREQQ
XCV1197         ACALWQAPCRLFRVRQWFFGRMRHARSRWGTMARIHSGEVTMRPLALTSVTRRGARREQQ
XCV1198         ------------------------------------------------------------
XC_3176         ----------------------------------------------MTSVAREAVRHDQR
XopAV2          -----------------------------------------MGSFPVTSVAREAVRHDQR

XopAV1          EGATVADAGPPAPANDPHANTQLAQSLPRRPVREARLRAPGTPRGVPLVNLGRTMAHLGA
XCV1197         EGATVADAGPPAPANDPHANTQLAQSLPRRPTAISTMTCITRILL---------------
XCV1198         ------------------------------------------------------------
XC_3176         EAQAPREVGYSSQRGDPQANPQLKQDLSRAPVRAARLKAPRVPIGVHIANTGLQAARFAT
XopAV2          EAQAPREVGYSSQRGDPQANPQLKQDLSRAPVRAARLKAPRVPIGVHIANTGLQAARFAT

XopAV1          ---VGAAVWGGFAAIQAPAAAAYGYFNDDLYYKNLAVVSGYQAVGALAAFLGMGLADVLA
XCV1197         ------------------------------------------------------------
XCV1198         -------------------------------------------MGALAAFLGMGLADVLA
XC_3176         SAVAGPAEAAVLDAVHAPAAAAYDYAKGEVSWKKNAGVTLAPALAYAVVMGTLSAVQYLA
XopAV2          SAVAGPAEAAVLDAVHAPAAAAYDYAKGEVSWKKNAGVTLAPALAYAVVMGTLSAVQYLA

XopAV1          ARYVEAQSRWYEVPTKAQRASELGATEACLDQAVDMVTRLDADPPGPGMDEGERLALARD
XCV1197         ------------------------------------------------------------
XCV1198         ARYVEAQSRWYEVPTKAQRASELGATEACLDHAVDMVTIFDADHPGPAMDGGEQLVLATD
XC_3176         NRYLQAQSQ--TSVSKADRAKELGVTEACLDAAAAMVNKGEVAGPGGEMTEEEAAALAAD
XopAV2          NRYLQAQSQ--TSVSKADRAKELGVTEACLDAAAAMVNKGEVAGPGGEMTEEEAAALAAD

XopAV1          LMHLMTVERSRLPPDLWRAARGAGNDAYGLVARLLQAARARAAEEASTSSAG
XCV1197         ----------------------------------------------------
XCV1198         LLHLMTVERSRLPPELWQAASGVGDDAHRLVTQLLQAARARAADEASTSSAD
XC_3176         LQNLATADRSRLPPELWRAASGVGDDAYALVTQLLLAARARASAEASASSDG
XopAV2          LQNLATADRSRLPPELWRAASGVGDDAYALVTQLLLAARARASAEASASSDG

</code>

=== (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===

The promoter and signal region of XC_3176 were fused to the HR-inducing AvrBs1 C-terminal domain lack of 58 N-terminal amino acid residues. This construct elicited an hypersensitive response on the pepper ECW-10R containing the corresponding resistance gene //Bs1// in a //hrcV//-dependent manner (Yang et al., 2015).
=== Regulation ===

A reporter GUS fusion of XC_3176 displayed GUS activities, which were significantly lower in the mutant strains Δ//hrpX// and Δ//hrpG// than that in the wild type //X. campestris// pv. //campestris// strain (Yang et al., 2015).
=== Phenotypes ===

XC_3176 was found to be required for the full virulence of //X. campestris// pv. //campestris// strain 8004 when assayed on Chinese radish by the leaf-clipping method (Yang et al., 2015).
=== Localization ===

Unknown

=== Enzymatic function ===

Unknown

=== Interaction partners ===

Unknown

===== Conservation =====

=== In xanthomonads ===

Yes (e.g. //X. campestris//, //X. hortorum//, //X. arboricola//, //X. fragariae//)
=== In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===

No

===== References =====

Teper D, Burstein D, Salomon D, Gershovitz M, Pupko T, Sessa G (2016). Identification of novel //Xanthomonas euvesicatoria// type III effector proteins by a machine-learning approach. Mol. Plant Pathol. 17: 398-411. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12288|10.1111/mpp.12288]]

Yang L, Su H, Yang F, Jian H, Zhou M, Jiang W, Jiang B (2015). Identification of a new type III effector XC3176 in //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //campestris//. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 55: 1264-1272. PubMed ID: [[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26939454/|26939454]]. Article in Chinese.