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====== Phytosanitary-Regulated Xanthomonas in the European Union ======

This data is based on the review by [[https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040862|Catara et al. (2021)]], focused on the molecular methods for diagnosis, detection, and studies on the diversity of plant pathogenic //Xanthomonas//, concentrating especially on regulated pathogens in the European Union published as a collective effort of the [[https://euroxanth.eu/management/wg1|Working Group 1]] 'Diagnostics & Diversity–Population Structure' from the [[https://euroxanth.eu|EuroXanth]] COST Action CA16107.

**Diseases, their regulation and recommendations for management.**

^  Disease                                                                                                                                                             ^  Pathogen                                                      ^  EPPO List  ^  EPPO Diagnostic \\ Protocol                                                                                                                                                                     ^  Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072  ^  EFSA \\ Documents                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ^
| Citrus bacterial canker                                                                                                                                              | //X. citri// pv. //aurantifolii//; //X. citri// pv. //citri//  |  A1         | [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2005.00835.x|EPPO (2015)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12913|EPPO (2023a)]]                                                                         |  A1 Quarantine pest (Annex II A)                    | [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3556|EFSA PLH Panel (2014a)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.EN-1587|EFSA PLH Panel (2019c)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
| Onion bacterial blight                                                                                                                                               | //X. euvesicatoria// pv. //alli//                              |  A1         | [[https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12329|EPPO (2016)]]                                                                                                                                                |                                                     |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| Bacterial leaf blight of rice                                                                                                                                        | //X. oryzae// pv. //oryzae//                                   |  A1         | [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.1980.tb02685.x|EPPO (1980)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2007.01162.x|EPPO (2007)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12474|EPPO (2018)]]  |  A1 Quarantine pest (Annex II A)                    | [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5109|EFSA PLH Panel (2018a)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| Bacterial leaf streak of rice                                                                                                                                        | //X. oryzae// pv. //oryzicola//                                |  A1         | [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.1979.tb02445.x|EPPO (1979)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2007.01162.x|EPPO (2007)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12474|EPPO (2018)]]  |  A1 Quarantine pest (Annex II A)                    | [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5109|EFSA PLH Panel (2018a)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| Bacterial blight of hazelnut                                                                                                                                         | //X. arboricola// pv. //corylina//                             |  A2         | [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2004.00716.x|EPPO (2004)]]                                                                                                                                 |  RNQP (Annex IV)                                    |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| Bacterial spot of stone fruits                                                                                                                                       | //X. arboricola// pv. //pruni//                                |  A2         | [[https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12756|EPPO (2021)]]                                                                                                                                                |  RNQP (Annex IV)                                    | [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3857|EFSA PLH Panel (2014b)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| Bacterial blight of walnut                                                                                                                                           | //X. arboricola// pv. //juglandis//                            |  NA         |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                              |  RNQP (Annex IV)                                    |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| Bacterial leaf spot of poinsettia                                                                                                                                    | //X. axonopodis// pv. //poinsettiicola//                       |  A2         |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                              |                                                     |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| Bacterial spot of tomato and sweet pepper                                                                                                                            | //X. euvesicatoria// pv. //euvesicatoria//                     |  A2         | [[https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12018|EPPO (2013)]]*                                                                                                                                               |  RNQP (Annex IV)                                    | [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3720|EFSA PLH Panel (2014c)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| :::                                                                                                                                                                  | //X. euvesicatoria// pv. //perforans//                         |  A2         | [[https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12018|EPPO (2013)]]*                                                                                                                                               |  RNQP (Annex IV)                                    |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :::                                                                                                                                                                  | //X. hortorum// pv. //gardneri//                               |  A2         | [[https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12018|EPPO (2013)]]*                                                                                                                                               |  RNQP (Annex IV)                                    |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :::                                                                                                                                                                  | //X. vesicatoria//                                             |  A2         | [[https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12018|EPPO (2013)]]*                                                                                                                                               |  RNQP (Annex IV)                                    |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| Bacterial angular leaf spot of strawberry                                                                                                                            | //X. fragariae//                                               |  A2         | [[https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12916|EPPO (2023b)]]                                                                                                                                               |  RNQP (Annex IV)                                    |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| Bacterial blight of anthurium and other aroids                                                                                                                       | //X. phaseoli// pv. //dieffenbachiae//                         |  A2         | [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2009.02327.x|EPPO (2009)]]*                                                                                                                                |                                                     |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| Common bacterial blight of bean                                                                                                                                      | //X. phaseoli// pv. //phaseoli//                               |  A2         |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                              |  RNQP (Annex IV)                                    | [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3856|EFSA PLH Panel (2014d)]]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| Bacterial leaf streak and black chaff of small-grain cereals                                                                                                         | //X. translucens// pv. //translucens//                         |  A2         | [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.1994.tb01057.x|EPPO (1994)]]*                                                                                                                              |                                                     |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| Leafspot and dieback of ornamental fig                                                                                                                               | //X. campestris// pv. //fici//                                 |             |  NA                                                                                                                                                                                              |  RNQP (Annex IV)                                    |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| Alfalfa dwarf, Citrus variegated chlorosis, coffee leaf scorch, oleander leaf scorch, olive quick decline syndrome, phony peach disease, Pierce's disease of grapes  | //Xylella fastidiosa//                                         |  A2         | [[https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12575|EPPO (2019)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12923|EPPO (2023c)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13060|EPPO (2024)]]                                 |  A2 Quarantine pest (Annex II B)                    | [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3468|EFSA (2013)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4061|EFSA (2015)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.3989|EFSA PLH Panel (2015)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4450|EFSA PLH Panel (2016a)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4456|EFSA PLH Panel (2016b)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5357|EFSA PLH Panel (2018b)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.EN-1667|EFSA (2019)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5665|EFSA PLH Panel (2019a)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5666|EFSA PLH Panel (2019b)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2020.EN-1873|EFSA (2020)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8898|EFSA (2024)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2025.EN-9244|EFSA (2025a)]], \\  [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9241|EFSA (2025b)]]  |

NA: not applicable; * protocol under revision or revision planned. International Seed Testing Association (ISTA), International Seed Federation (ISF), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and National Seed Health System (NSHS). Other sources of reviewed detection methods include scientific publications of EFSA (‘Scientific Opinions’, ‘Pest Survey Cards’, etc) and other peer-reviewed scientific journals.

===== References =====

Catara V, Cubero J, Pothier JF, Bosis E, Bragard C, Đermić E, Holeva MC, Jacques MA, Petter F, Pruvost O, Robène I, Studholme DJ, Tavares F, Vicente JG, Koebnik R, Costa J (2021). Trends in molecular diagnosis and diversity studies for phytosanitary regulated //Xanthomonas//. Microorganisms 9: 862. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040862|10.3390/microorganisms9040862]]

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2013). Statement of EFSA on host plants, entry and spread pathways and risk reduction options for //Xylella fastidiosa// Wells et al. EFSA J. 11: 3468. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3468|10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3468]]

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2015). Categorisation of plants for planting, excluding seeds, according to the risk of introduction of //Xylella fastidiosa//. EFSA J. 13: 4061. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4061|10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4061]]

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2019). Pest survey card on //Xylella fastidiosa//. EFSA Support. Publ. 16: 1667E. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.EN-1667|10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.EN-1667]]

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2020). Guidelines for statistically sound and risk-based surveys of //Xylella fastidiosa//. EFSA Support. Publ. 17: 1873E. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2020.EN-1873|10.2903/sp.efsa.2020.EN-1873]]

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2024). Update of the //Xylella// spp. host plant database – Systematic literature search up to 31 December 2023. EFSA J. 22: e8898. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8898|10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8898]]

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2025a). //Xylella fastidiosa// Pest Report to support the ranking of EU candidate priority pests. EFSA Support. Publ. 22: 9244E. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2025.EN-9244|10.2903/sp.efsa.2025.EN-9244]]

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2025b). Update of the //Xylella// spp. host plant database - Systematic literature search up to 30 June 2024. EFSA J. 23: e9241. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9241|10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9241]]

EFSA Panel on Plant Health (2014a). Scientific Opinion on the risk to plant health of //Xanthomonas citri// pv. //citri// and //Xanthomonas citri// pv. //aurantifolii// for the EU territory. EFSA J. 12: 3556. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3556|10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3556]]

EFSA Panel on Plant Health (2014b). Scientific Opinion on pest categorisation of //Xanthomonas arboricola// pv. //pruni// (Smith, 1903). EFSA J. 12: 3857. DOI: [[http://https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3857|10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3857]]

EFSA Panel on Plant Health (2014c). Scientific Opinion on the pest categorisation of //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// (Doidge) Dye. EFSA J. 12: 3720. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3720|10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3720]]

EFSA Panel on Plant Health (2014d). Scientific Opinion on the pest categorisation of //Xanthomonas axonopodis// pv. //phaseoli// and //Xanthomonas fuscans// subsp. //fuscans//. EFSA J. 12: 3856. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3856|10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3856]]

EFSA Panel on Plant Health (2015). Scientific Opinion on the risks to plant health posed by //Xylella fastidiosa// in the EU territory, with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options. EFSA J. 13: 3989. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.3989|10.2903/j.efsa.2015.3989]]

EFSA Panel on Plant Health (2016a). Four statements questioning the EU control strategy against //Xylella fastidiosa//. EFSA J. 14: 4450. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4450|10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4450]]

EFSA Panel on Plant Health (2016b). Treatment solutions to cure //Xylella fastidiosa// diseased plants. EFSA J. 14: 4456. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4456|10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4456]]

EFSA Panel on Plant Health (2018a). Pest categorisation of //Xanthomonas oryzae// pathovars oryzae and //oryzicola//. EFSA J. 16: 5109. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5109|10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5109]]

EFSA Panel on Plant Health (2018b). Updated pest categorisation of //Xylella fastidiosa//. EFSA J. 16: 5357. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5357|10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5357]]

EFSA Panel on Plant Health (2019a). Update of the Scientific Opinion on the risks to plant health posed by //Xylella fastidiosa// in the EU territory. EFSA J. 17: 5665. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5665|10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5665]]

EFSA Panel on Plant Health (2019b). Effectiveness of in planta control measures for //Xylella fastidiosa//. EFSA J. 17: 5666. DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5666

EFSA Panel on Plant Health (2019c). Pest survey card on //Xanthomonas citri// pv. //citri// and pv. // aurantifolii//. EFSA Support. Publ. 16: 1587. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.EN-1587|10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.EN-1587]]

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) (1979). //Xanthomonas oryzicola// Fang et al. EPPO Bull. 9: 11-13. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.1979.tb02445.x|10.1111/j.1365-2338.1979.tb02445.x]]

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) (1980). //Xanthomonas oryzae// (Uyeda & Ishiyama) Dowson. EPPO Bull. 10: 1-4. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.1980.tb02685.x|10.1111/j.1365-2338.1980.tb02685.x]]

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) (1994). Bacterial leaf streak or black chaff of cereals. EPPO Bull. 24: 135-157. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.1994.tb01057.x|10.1111/j.1365-2338.1994.tb01057.x]]

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) (2004). //Xanthomonas arboricola// pv. //corylina//. EPPO Bull. 34: 179-181. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2004.00716.x|10.1111/j.1365-2338.2004.00716.x]]

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) (2005). //Xanthomonas axonopodis// pv. //citri//. EPPO Bull. 35: 289-294. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2005.00835.x|10.1111/j.1365-2338.2005.00835.x]]

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) (2006a). //Xanthomonas arboricola// pv. //pruni//. EPPO Bull. 36: 129-133. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00925.x|10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00925.x]]

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) (2006b). //Xanthomonas fragariae//. EPPO Bull. 36: 135-144. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00926.x|10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00926.x]]

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) (2007). //Xanthomonas oryzae//. EPPO Bull. 37: 543-553. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2007.01162.x|10.1111/j.1365-2338.2007.01162.x]]

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) (2009). PM 7/23 (2): //Xanthomonas axonopodis// pv. //dieffenbachiae//. EPPO Bull. 39: 393-402. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2009.02327.x|10.1111/j.1365-2338.2009.02327.x]]

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) (2013). PM 7/110 (1) //Xanthomonas// spp. (//Xanthomonas euvesicatoria//, //Xanthomonas gardneri//, //Xanthomonas perforans//, //Xanthomonas vesicatoria//) causing bacterial spot of tomato and sweet pepper. EPPO Bull. 43: 7-20. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12018|10.1111/epp.12018]]

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) (2016). PM 7/128 (1) //Xanthomonas axonopodis// pv. //allii//. EPPO Bull. 46: 429-443. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12329|10.1111/epp.12329]]

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) (2018). Corrigendum. EPPO Bull. 48: 318. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12474|10.1111/epp.12474]]

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) (2019). PM 7/24 (4) //Xylella fastidiosa//. EPPO Bull. 49: 175-227. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12575|10.1111/epp.12575]]

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) (2021). PM 7/064 (2) //Xanthomonas arboricola// pv. //pruni//. EPPO Bull. 51: 240-266. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12756|10.1111/epp.12756]]

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) (2023a). PM 7/44 (2) //Xanthomonas citri// pv. citri and //Xanthomonas citri// pv. //aurantifolii//. EPPO Bull. 53: 62-96. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12913|10.1111/epp.12913]]

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) (2023b). PM 7/65 (2) //Xanthomonas fragariae//. EPPO Bull. 53: 184-204. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12916|10.1111/epp.12916]]

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) (2023c). PM 7/24 (5) //Xylella fastidiosa//. EPPO Bull. 53: 205-276. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12923|10.1111/epp.12923]]

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) (2024). Corrigendum PM 7/024 (5) //Xylella fastidiosa//. EPPO Bull. 54: 391-392. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13060|10.1111/epp.13060]]
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