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bacteria:t3e:xopz [2024/06/12 09:58] – [XopZ] rkoebnikbacteria:t3e:xopz [2025/02/24 10:23] (current) – jensboch
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-====== XopZ ======+====== The Type III Effector XopZ from //Xanthomonas// ======
  
 Author: Marlène Lachaux\\ Author: Marlène Lachaux\\
-Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joel_Pothier2|Joël F. Pothier]]\\ +Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joel_Pothier2|Joël F. Pothier]]
-Expert reviewer: **WANTED!**+
  
 Class: XopZ\\ Class: XopZ\\
-Family: XopZ1, XopZ2\\+Families: XopZ1, XopZ2\\
 Prototype: XOO2402 (//Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. o//ryzae//; strain T7174)\\ Prototype: XOO2402 (//Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. o//ryzae//; strain T7174)\\
 GenBank ID (XopZ1): [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/BAE69157.1|BAE69157.1]] (1288 aa)\\ GenBank ID (XopZ1): [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/BAE69157.1|BAE69157.1]] (1288 aa)\\
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 Examples of other XopZ1 sequences: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/ACD59124.1|ACD59124.1]] and [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/ACD59315.1|ACD59315.1]] (=PXO_01041 and PXO_06152, respectively, as strain PXO99<sup>A</sup>  contains two identical copies of the gene due to a 212-kb duplication in the genome) (Song //et al.//, 2010). These GenBank entries are only 1371 aa long whereas the first functional characterization proposes 1414 aa, thus positioning the PIP box (TTCTC-N<sub>15</sub>-TTCGC) 58 bp upstream of the predicted translation start site (Song and Yang, 2010). [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/AAW75797.1|AAW75797.1]] (1414 aa) in strain KACC 10331 might be preferred.\\ Examples of other XopZ1 sequences: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/ACD59124.1|ACD59124.1]] and [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/ACD59315.1|ACD59315.1]] (=PXO_01041 and PXO_06152, respectively, as strain PXO99<sup>A</sup>  contains two identical copies of the gene due to a 212-kb duplication in the genome) (Song //et al.//, 2010). These GenBank entries are only 1371 aa long whereas the first functional characterization proposes 1414 aa, thus positioning the PIP box (TTCTC-N<sub>15</sub>-TTCGC) 58 bp upstream of the predicted translation start site (Song and Yang, 2010). [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/AAW75797.1|AAW75797.1]] (1414 aa) in strain KACC 10331 might be preferred.\\
 Examples of other XopZ2 sequences: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/EGD18683.1|EGD18683.1]] (1318 aa)\\ Examples of other XopZ2 sequences: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/EGD18683.1|EGD18683.1]] (1318 aa)\\
-3D structure: Unknown. The N-terminus of XopZ<sub>PXO99</sub>, contains two Nuclear Localization Signals (NLS) and several Nuclear Export Signals (NES) (Zhou //et al//., 2015). +3D structure: Unknown. The N-terminus of XopZ<sub>PXO99</sub>, contains two Nuclear Localization Signals (NLS) and several Nuclear Export Signals (NES) (Zhou //et al.//, 2015).
 ===== Biological function ===== ===== Biological function =====
  
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 In 2009, the generation of mutants for 18 non-TAL type 3 effector genes in //Xoo// strain PXO99<sup>A</sup>  allowed to investigate the function of several T3Es. Among them XopZ (PXO_06152 and PXO_01041) was reported to contribute to the full virulence of the strain PXO99<sup>A</sup>  (Ryan //et al.//, 2009; Song and Yang, 2010). In 2009, the generation of mutants for 18 non-TAL type 3 effector genes in //Xoo// strain PXO99<sup>A</sup>  allowed to investigate the function of several T3Es. Among them XopZ (PXO_06152 and PXO_01041) was reported to contribute to the full virulence of the strain PXO99<sup>A</sup>  (Ryan //et al.//, 2009; Song and Yang, 2010).
  
-XopZ2 was described in Potnis //et al.//, 2011 as a novel candidate effector gene upstream of //hrpW// in //Xanthomonas vesicatoria// strain 1111 (=ATCC 35937) ([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/EGD08510.1|EGD08510.1]]=XVE_3221) and //Xanthomonas gardneri// strain 101 (=ATCC 19865) ([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/EGD18683.1|EGD18683.1]]=XGA_2762; Potnis //et al.//, 2011). It was also shown to be functional i.e. as being translocated using a reporter gene assay (AvrBs2-based assay; Potnis //et al.//, 2011). The pairwise sequence identity below 50% warrants assigning these two proteins to a new family within the XopZ class, named XopZ2 (Potnis //et al.//, 2011)+XopZ2 was described in Potnis //et al.//, 2011 as a novel candidate effector gene upstream of //hrpW// in //Xanthomonas vesicatoria// strain 1111 (=ATCC 35937) ([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/EGD08510.1|EGD08510.1]]=XVE_3221) and //Xanthomonas gardneri// strain 101 (=ATCC 19865) ([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/EGD18683.1|EGD18683.1]]=XGA_2762; Potnis //et al.//, 2011). It was also shown to be functional i.e. as being translocated using a reporter gene assay (AvrBs2-based assay; Potnis //et al.//, 2011). The pairwise sequence identity below 50% warrants assigning these two proteins to a new family within the XopZ class, named XopZ2 (Potnis //et al.//, 2011).
 === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E === === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
  
-The secretion of XopZ //in planta// was shown using a //B. pertussis// Cya translocation reporter assay (Furutani //et al.//, 2009). With a PIP box 58 bp upstream of the predicted translation start site, //xopZ// <sub>PXO99</sub> gene is certainly inducible //in planta// and regulated through the hypersensitive reaction and pathogenicity (Hrp) regulatory network (Song and Yang, 2010). PXO99<sup>A</sup>  and an //hrpG// mutant were grown in nutrient broth (NB) or //Xanthomonas hrp//-inducing medium (XOM2) (Song and Yang, 2010). The expression of //xopZ// <sub>PXO99 </sub> was only observed, by RT-PCR, in XOM2 medium and was //hrpG// dependent (Song and Yang, 2010).+The secretion of XopZ //in planta// was shown using a //B. pertussis// Cya translocation reporter assay (Furutani //et al.//, 2009). With a PIP box 58 bp upstream of the predicted translation start site, //xopZ// <sub>PXO99</sub> gene is certainly inducible //in planta// and regulated through the hypersensitive reaction and pathogenicity (Hrp) regulatory network (Song and Yang, 2010). PXO99<sup>A</sup>  and an //hrpG// mutant were grown in nutrient broth (NB) or //Xanthomonas hrp//-inducing medium (XOM2) (Song and Yang, 2010). The expression of //xopZ// <sub>PXO99</sub> was only observed, by RT-PCR, in XOM2 medium and was //hrpG// dependent (Song and Yang, 2010).
 === Regulation === === Regulation ===
  
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 === Phenotypes === === Phenotypes ===
  
-PXO99<sup>A</sup>  contains two identical copies of the gene due to a duplication of 212 kb in the genome. However, a deletion of one //xopZ// gene did not affect pathogenicity or bacterial growth in plants, while strains with mutations in both copies of //xopZ// <sub>PXO99</sub> displayed reduced virulence in terms of lesion length and bacterial multiplication compared with the wild type strain PXO99<sup>A</sup>  . The introduction of one genomic copy of //xopZ// <sub>PXO99</sub> restores the mutant to full virulence. To test whether XopZ<sub>PXO99</sub> inhibits the host cell-wall-associated defense responses (PTI), leaves of //Nicotiana benthamiana// were infiltrated with //Agrobacterium// cells with and without //xopZ// <sub>PXO99</sub> under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter 24 hours preceding inoculation of the same leaves with a T3SS mutant of PXO99<sup>A</sup>  (ME7). Twenty-four hours after inoculation, leaves inoculated with ME7 had more callose depositions than the leaves inoculated with //Agrobacterium// spp. expressing //xopZ// <sub>PXO99</sub>. This results suggesting a role for XopZ<sub>PXO99</sub> in interfering with host innate immunity (PTI) during //X. oryzae// pv. //oryzae// infection (Song //et al.//, 2010). Besides, Western blot analysis with p44/42 MAP kinase antibody clearly showed that XopN, XopV and XopZ inhibited the peptidoglycan(PNG)-induced phosphorylation of OsMAPKs. Expression of all Xop effectors were verified by immunoblotting with anti-HA antibody. Thus, expression of three Xop effectors from PXO99<sup>A</sup>  in rice protoplasts results in compromised OsMAPK activation induced by PGN, highlighting their putative virulence functions during pathogenesis (Long //et al.//, 2018).+PXO99<sup>A</sup>  contains two identical copies of the gene due to a duplication of 212 kb in the genome. However, a deletion of one //xopZ// gene did not affect pathogenicity or bacterial growth in plants, while strains with mutations in both copies of //xopZ// <sub>PXO99</sub> displayed reduced virulence in terms of lesion length and bacterial multiplication compared with the wild type strain PXO99<sup>A</sup> . The introduction of one genomic copy of //xopZ// <sub>PXO99</sub> restores the mutant to full virulence. To test whether XopZ<sub>PXO99</sub> inhibits the host cell-wall-associated defense responses (PTI), leaves of //Nicotiana benthamiana// were infiltrated with //Agrobacterium// cells with and without //xopZ// <sub>PXO99</sub> under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter 24 hours preceding inoculation of the same leaves with a T3SS mutant of PXO99<sup>A</sup>  (ME7). Twenty-four hours after inoculation, leaves inoculated with ME7 had more callose depositions than the leaves inoculated with //Agrobacterium// spp. expressing //xopZ// <sub>PXO99</sub>. This results suggesting a role for XopZ<sub>PXO99</sub> in interfering with host innate immunity (PTI) during //X. oryzae// pv. //oryzae// infection (Song //et al.//, 2010). Besides, Western blot analysis with p44/42 MAP kinase antibody clearly showed that XopN, XopV and XopZ inhibited the peptidoglycan(PNG)-induced phosphorylation of OsMAPKs. Expression of all Xop effectors were verified by immunoblotting with anti-HA antibody. Thus, expression of three Xop effectors from PXO99<sup>A</sup>  in rice protoplasts results in compromised OsMAPK activation induced by PGN, highlighting their putative virulence functions during pathogenesis (Long //et al.//, 2018).
  
 A role of XopZ in full virulence was also clearly shown in //Xanthomonas axonopodis// pv. //manihotis// CIO151 but not in PTI or ETI supression, at least under the tested conditions, as on the contrary to XopZ of //X. oryzae// pv. //oryzae// PXO99, no reduction of callose deposition was observed (Medina //et al.//, 2017). A role of XopZ in full virulence was also clearly shown in //Xanthomonas axonopodis// pv. //manihotis// CIO151 but not in PTI or ETI supression, at least under the tested conditions, as on the contrary to XopZ of //X. oryzae// pv. //oryzae// PXO99, no reduction of callose deposition was observed (Medina //et al.//, 2017).
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 === In xanthomonads === === In xanthomonads ===
  
-Yes, found to be conserved in all //Xanthomonas //spp. (whose genomes have been sequenced) with the exception of some clade-1 strains (//e.g.// //X. albilineans//) (Song and Yang, 2010; Sinha //et al.//, 2013).+Yes, found to be conserved in all //Xanthomonas //spp. (whose genomes have been sequenced) with the exception of some clade-1 strains (//e.g.//, //X. albilineans//) (Song and Yang, 2010; Sinha //et al.//, 2013).
 === In other plant pathogens/symbionts === === In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
  
 Related genes are also found in several //Pseudomonas syringae// pathovars (HopAs1 relatives), a few strains of //Ralstonia solanacearum// (AWR proteins), and the AAC00-1 strain of //Acidovorax avenae// subsp. //citrulli// (Song and Yang, 2010). Related genes are also found in several //Pseudomonas syringae// pathovars (HopAs1 relatives), a few strains of //Ralstonia solanacearum// (AWR proteins), and the AAC00-1 strain of //Acidovorax avenae// subsp. //citrulli// (Song and Yang, 2010).
- 
 ===== References ===== ===== References =====
  
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 Zhou J (2015). Host target genes of the //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// type III effectors for bacterial blight in rice. Doctoral Thesis, Iowa State University, USA. PDF: [[https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14469/|lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14469/]] Zhou J (2015). Host target genes of the //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// type III effectors for bacterial blight in rice. Doctoral Thesis, Iowa State University, USA. PDF: [[https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14469/|lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14469/]]
 +
 +===== Acknowledgements =====
 +
 +This fact sheet is based upon work from COST Action CA16107 EuroXanth, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).
  
bacteria/t3e/xopz.1718182734.txt.gz · Last modified: 2024/06/12 09:58 by rkoebnik

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