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--- bacteria:t3e:xopy [2024/08/06 15:25] – [The Type III Effector XopY from Xanthomonas] rkoebnik
+++ bacteria:t3e:xopy [2026/11/09 16:24] (current) – [Biological function] rkoebnik
@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Irena_Macioniene|Irena Mačionienė]]\\
 Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lucas_Moriniere|Lucas Morinière]]\\
-Expert reviewer: **WANTED!**
 Class: XopY\\
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 === How discovered? ===
-XopY was discovered by screening the genome of //X. oryzae //pv. //oryzae// MAFF 311018 for proteins displaying a N-terminal amino acid pattern associated with T3S substrates in //Pseudomonas syringae// (Furutani //et al.//, 2009). It has been primarily referred to as XOO1488, and then XopY (Song & Yang, 2010).
+XopY was discovered by screening the genome of //X. oryzae// pv. //oryzae// (//Xoo//) strain MAFF 311018 for proteins displaying a N-terminal amino acid pattern associated with T3S substrates in //Pseudomonas syringae// (Furutani //et al.//, 2009). It has been primarily referred to as XOO1488, and then XopY (Song & Yang, 2010).
 === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
-//X. oryzae //pv. //oryzae //transformants containing a plasmidic fusion of XopY (= XOO1488) with the Cya translocation reporter system were inoculated in tomato leaves. An increase of cAMP in the inflitrated areas was observed, thus revealing translocation of the fused protein into plant cells (Furutani //et al.//, 2009).
+//Xoo //transformants containing a plasmidic fusion of XopY (= XOO1488) with the Cya translocation reporter system were inoculated in tomato leaves. An increase of cAMP in the inflitrated areas was observed, thus revealing translocation of the fused protein into plant cells (Furutani //et al.//, 2009).
 === Regulation ===
-XopY from //X. oryzae //pv. //oryzae// posseses a PIP and ‐10 box in the promoter region (TTCGB‐N<sub>15</sub> ‐TTCGB‐N<sub>30–32</sub> ‐YANNNT) (Yamaguchi //et al//., 2013a). Also, it was shown to be regulated by HrpX (Furutani //et al.//, 2009).
+The //xopY// <sub> </sub> gene of //Xoo// contains a PIP box and ‐10 motif in the promoter region (TTCGB‐N<sub>15</sub> ‐TTCGB‐N<sub>30–32</sub> ‐YANNNT) (Yamaguchi //et al//., 2013a). Also, it was shown to be regulated by HrpX (Furutani //et al.//, 2009).
-qRT-PCR revealed that transcript levels of 15 out of 18 tested non-TAL effector genes (as well as the regulatory genes //hrpG// and //hrpX//), including //xopY//, were significantly reduced in the //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// Δ//xrvC// mutant compared with those in the wild-type strain PXO99<sup>A</sup>  (Liu //et al.//, 2016).
+qRT-PCR revealed that transcript levels of 15 out of 18 tested non-TAL effector genes (as well as the regulatory genes //hrpG// and //hrpX//), including //xopY//, were significantly reduced in the //Xoo// Δ//xrvC// mutant compared with those in the wild-type strain PXO99<sup>A</sup>  (Liu //et al.//, 2016).
 === Phenotypes ===
-Transgenic rice plants expressing XOO1488 (Xoo1488-OX) were generated and inoculated with the T3SS-deficient //hrpX// mutant of //Xoo//, which is incapable of type III effector delivery. The //Xoo hrpX// mutant did not cause lesions in wild-type plant, presumably because of strong induction of PTI. In contrast, Xoo1488-OX plants had severe disease symptoms following infection with the //Xoo hrpX// mutant. Bacterial populations of the //Xoo hrpX// mutant in Xoo1488-OX leaves were higher than in wild-type plants. The growth of wild-type isolate //Xoo// MAFF311018 in Xoo1488-OX plants also increased significantly over its growth in wild-type plants. Thus, it is likely that XopY inhibits PTI induced by infection of //Xoo hrpX// mutant. However, it was noted that XopY knockout strain did not exhibit any defect in virulence (Yamaguchi //et al//., 2013a). XopY was also shown to inhibit chitin-induced expression of defense-related genes (Yamaguchi //et al.//, 2013b). XopY of //X. oryzae// pv. //oryzicola// was also shown to trigger HR in non-host //Nicothiana benthamiana// plants (Li //et al.//, 2015).
+  * XopY of //Xoo//  was shown to inhibit peptidoglycan- and chitin-induced expression of defense-related genes (Yamaguchi //et al.//, 2013).
+  * XopY of //X. oryzae//  pv. //oryzicola//  (//Xoc//) was also shown to trigger HR in non-host //Nicotiana benthamiana//  plants (Li //et al.//, 2015).
+  * XopY was shown to suppresses the activation of OsMAPKKK24 by enhancing its intramolecular interaction between the N‐ and C‐terminal regions. The association of XopY with OsRLCK55 and OsMAPKKK24 was also shown to interfere with their interaction and to suppress OsRLCK55‐mediated transphosphorylation of OsMAPKKK24, ultimately inhibiting MAPK activation and subsequent disease resistance (Chen //et al.//, 2026).
 === Localization ===
@@ Line 38: / Line 40: @@
 === Interaction partners ===
-XopY was demonstrated to target OsRLCK185. Expression of XopY in rice cells compromises OsRLCK185-mediated immune responses, which is consistent with the fact that Xoo1488 inhibits trans-phosphorylation of the activation domain of OsRLCK185 by OsCERK1. Interestingly, XopY is phosphorylated by OsRLCK185, suggesting that modification of XopY in host cell may affect their virulent activity (Yamaguchi //et al//., 2013b).
+XopY from the //Xoo//  strain MAFF 3110018 was demonstrated to target OsRLCK185. Expression of XopY in rice cells compromises OsRLCK185-mediated immune responses, which is consistent with the fact that Xoo1488 inhibits trans-phosphorylation of the activation domain of OsRLCK185 by OsCERK1. Interestingly, XopY is phosphorylated by OsRLCK185, suggesting that modification of XopY in host cell may affect their virulent activity (Yamaguchi //et al//., 2013).
+XopY from the //Xoo//  strain PXO86 was shown to interact with the MAPK kinase kinase OsMAPKKK24 and with the RECEPTOR‐LIKE CYTOPLASMIC KINASE 55 (OsRLCK55) (Chen //et al.//, 2026).
 ===== Conservation =====
@@ Line 44: / Line 49: @@
 Yes (//e.g.//, //X. oryzae//, //X. translucens, X. vasicola//).
 === In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
@@ Line 50: / Line 56: @@
 ===== References =====
-Furutani A, Takaoka M, Sanada H, Noguchi Y, Oku T, Tsuno K, Ochiai H, Tsuge S (2009). Identification of novel type III secretion effectors in// Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 22: 96-106. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-22-1-0096|10.1094/MPMI-22-1-0096]]
+Chen L, Chen Y, Xu W, Wu X, Deng S, Wang Z, Tang D, Wang W (2026). Disruption of OsMAPKKK24 activation by the //Xanthomonas oryzae// effector XopY leads to compromised disease resistance in rice. J. Integr. Plant Biol., in press. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.70428|10.1111/jipb.70428]]
+Furutani A, Takaoka M, Sanada H, Noguchi Y, Oku T, Tsuno K, Ochiai H, Tsuge S (2009). Identification of novel type III secretion effectors in //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 22: 96-106. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-22-1-0096|10.1094/MPMI-22-1-0096]]
 Li S, Wang Y, Wang S, Fang A, Wang J, Liu L, Zhang K, Mao Y, Sun W (2015). The type III effector AvrBs2 in //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzicola// suppresses rice immunity and promotes disease development. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 28: 869-880. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-10-14-0314-R|10.1094/MPMI-10-14-0314-R]]
@@ Line 56: / Line 64: @@
 Liu Y, Long J, Shen D, Song C (2016). //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// requires H-NS-family protein XrvC to regulate virulence during rice infection. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 363: fnw067. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnw067|10.1093/femsle/fnw067]]
-Song C, Yang B (2010). Mutagenesis of 18 type III effectors reveals virulence function of XopZ<sub>PXO99</sub> in //Xanthomonas oryzae //pv. //oryzae//. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 23: 893-902. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-23-7-0893|10.1094/MPMI-23-7-0893]]
+Song C, Yang B (2010). Mutagenesis of 18 type III effectors reveals virulence function of XopZ<sub>PXO99</sub> in //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 23: 893-902. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-23-7-0893|10.1094/MPMI-23-7-0893]]
+Yamaguchi K, Yamada K, Ishikawa K, Yoshimura S, Hayashi N, Uchihashi K, Ishihama N, Kishi-Kaboshi M, Takahashi A, Tsuge S, Ochiai H, Tada Y, Shimamoto K, Yoshioka H, Kawasaki T (2013). A receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase targeted by a plant pathogen effector is directly phosphorylated by the chitin receptor and mediates rice immunity. Cell Host Microbe 13: 347-357. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2013.02.007|10.1016/j.chom.2013.02.007]]
-Yamaguchi K, Nakamura Y, Ishikawa K, Yoshimura Y, Tsuge S, Kawasaki T (2013a). Suppression of rice immunity by //Xanthomonas oryzae //type III effector Xoo2875. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 77: 796-801. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.120929|10.1271/bbb.120929]]
+===== Acknowledgements =====
-Yamaguchi K, Yamada K, Ishikawa K, Yoshimura S, Hayashi N, Uchihashi K, Ishihama N, Kishi-Kaboshi M, Takahashi A, Tsuge S, Ochiai H, Tada Y, Shimamoto K, Yoshioka H, Kawasaki T (2013b). A receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase targeted by a plant pathogen effector is directly phosphorylated by the chitin receptor and mediates rice immunity. Cell Host Microbe 13: 347-357. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2013.02.007|10.1016/j.chom.2013.02.007]]
+This fact sheet is based upon work from COST Action CA16107 EuroXanth, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).

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