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--- bacteria:t3e:xopy [2020/06/08 10:47] – lmoriniere
+++ bacteria:t3e:xopy [2025/02/13 12:59] (current) – jfpothier
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== XopY ======
+====== The Type III Effector XopY from //Xanthomonas// ======
-Author: Irena Mačionienė\\
+Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Irena_Macioniene|Irena Mačionienė]]\\
-Internal reviewer: Lucas Morinière\\
+Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lucas_Moriniere|Lucas Morinière]]
-Expert reviewer: FIXME
 Class: XopY\\
 Family: XopY\\
-Prototype: XopY, aka. Xoo1488 (//Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzicola //BLS256)\\
+Prototype: XOO1488 (//Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//; strain T7174)\\
-RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/AEQ97580.1|AEQ97580]] (276 aa) 3D structure: Unknown
+GenBank ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/BAE68243.1|BAE68243.1]] (281 aa)\\
+RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_011408080.1|WP_011408080.1]] (281 aa)\\
+D structure: Unknown
 ===== Biological function =====
@@ Line 14: / Line 15: @@
 === How discovered? ===
-XopY was discovered by screening the genome of //X. oryzae //pv. //oryzae// MAFF311018 for proteins displaying a N-terminal amino acid pattern associated with T3S substrates in //Pseudomonas syringae// (Furutani //et al. //2009). It has been primarily referred to as XOO1488, and then XopY (Song and Yang 2010).
+XopY was discovered by screening the genome of //X. oryzae// pv. //oryzae// MAFF 311018 for proteins displaying a N-terminal amino acid pattern associated with T3S substrates in //Pseudomonas syringae// (Furutani //et al.//, 2009). It has been primarily referred to as XOO1488, and then XopY (Song & Yang, 2010).
 === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
-To determine the function of XopY (= XOO1488) in rice cells, transgenic rice plants (Xoo1488-OX) were generated expressing //Xoo1488// and were inoculated with the T3SS-deficient //hrpX// mutant of //Xoo//, which is incapable of type III effector delivery. The //Xoo hrpX// mutant did not cause lesions in wild-type plant, presumably because of strong induction of PTI. In contrast, Xoo1488-OX plants had severe disease symptoms following infection with the //Xoo hrpX// mutant. Bacterial populations of the //Xoo hrpX// mutant in Xoo1488-OX leaves were higher than in wild-type plants. The growth of wild-type isolate Xoo MAFF311018 in Xoo1488-OX plants also increased significantly over its growth in wild-type plants. Thus, it is likely that XopY inhibits PTI induced by infection of //Xoo hrpX// mutant. However, it was noted that XopY knockout strain did not exhibit any defect in virulence (Yamaguchi //et al//., 2013a).
+//X. oryzae// pv. //oryzae// transformants containing a plasmidic fusion of XopY (= XOO1488) with the Cya translocation reporter system were inoculated in tomato leaves. An increase of cAMP in the inflitrated areas was observed, thus revealing translocation of the fused protein into plant cells (Furutani //et al.//, 2009).
 === Regulation ===
-translocation based on Cya fusion (White //et al//., 2009). Presence of a PIP and ‐10 box (TTCGB‐N<sub>15</sub> ‐TTCGB‐N<sub>30–32</sub> ‐YANNNT) (Yamaguchi //et al//., 2013a).
+XopY from //X. oryzae// pv. //oryzae// posseses a PIP and ‐10 box in the promoter region (TTCGB‐N<sub>15</sub>‐TTCGB‐N<sub>30–32</sub>‐YANNNT) (Yamaguchi //et al//., 2013a). Also, it was shown to be regulated by HrpX (Furutani //et al.//, 2009).
+qRT-PCR revealed that transcript levels of 15 out of 18 tested non-TAL effector genes (as well as the regulatory genes //hrpG// and //hrpX//), including //xopY//, were significantly reduced in the //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// Δ//xrvC// mutant compared with those in the wild-type strain PXO99<sup>A</sup> (Liu //et al.//, 2016).
 === Phenotypes ===
-//Xanthomonas oryzae// effector XopY, with unknown function, inhibits chitin-induced expression of defense-related genes. It targets OsRLCK185. Expression of Xoo1488 in rice cells compromises OsRLCK185-mediated immune responses, which is consistent with the fact that Xoo1488 inhibits trans-phosphorylation of the activation domain of OsRLCK185 by OsCERK1. Interestingly, XopY is phosphorylated by OsRLCK185, suggesting that modification of XopY in host cell may affect their virulent activity (Yamaguchi //et al//., 2013b). Among seven other T3E genes XopY was also discovered in //X. translucens// strains examined, single-copy (Falahi //et al//., 2017). It was thought that //xopY// is pseudogene due to frameshift or premature stop codon in //X. oryzae// pv. oryzae KACC10331 (Bogdanove //et al//., 2011).
+Transgenic rice plants expressing XOO1488 (Xoo1488-OX) were generated and inoculated with the T3SS-deficient //hrpX// mutant of //Xoo//, which is incapable of type III effector delivery. The //Xoo hrpX// mutant did not cause lesions in wild-type plant, presumably because of strong induction of PTI. In contrast, Xoo1488-OX plants had severe disease symptoms following infection with the //Xoo hrpX// mutant. Bacterial populations of the //Xoo hrpX// mutant in Xoo1488-OX leaves were higher than in wild-type plants. The growth of wild-type isolate //Xoo// MAFF311018 in Xoo1488-OX plants also increased significantly over its growth in wild-type plants. Thus, it is likely that XopY inhibits PTI induced by infection of //Xoo hrpX// mutant. However, it was noted that XopY knockout strain did not exhibit any defect in virulence (Yamaguchi //et al//., 2013a). XopY was also shown to inhibit chitin-induced expression of defense-related genes (Yamaguchi //et al.//, 2013b). XopY of //X. oryzae// pv. //oryzicola// was also shown to trigger HR in non-host //Nicothiana benthamiana// plants (Li //et al.//, 2015).
 === Localization ===
@@ Line 34: / Line 37: @@
 === Interaction partners ===
-Unknown.
+XopY was demonstrated to target OsRLCK185. Expression of XopY in rice cells compromises OsRLCK185-mediated immune responses, which is consistent with the fact that Xoo1488 inhibits trans-phosphorylation of the activation domain of OsRLCK185 by OsCERK1. Interestingly, XopY is phosphorylated by OsRLCK185, suggesting that modification of XopY in host cell may affect their virulent activity (Yamaguchi //et al//., 2013b).
 ===== Conservation =====
 === In xanthomonads ===
-Yes (//e.g.//, //X. oryzae//, //X. translucens//).
+Yes (//e.g.//, //X. oryzae//, //X. translucens, X. vasicola//).
 === In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
@@ Line 47: / Line 49: @@
 ===== References =====
-Bogdanove AJ, Koebnik R, Lu H, Furutani A, Angiuoli SV, Patil PB, Van Sluys MA, Ryan RP, Meyer DF, Han SW, Aparna G, Rajaram M, Delcher AL, Phillippy AM, Puiu D, Schatz MC, Shumway M, Sommer DD, Trapnell C, Benahmed F, Dimitrov G, Madupu R, Radune D, Sullivan S, Jha G, Ishihara H, Lee SW, Pandey A, Sharma V, Sriariyanun M, Szurek B, Vera-Cruz CM, Dorman KS, Ronald PC, Verdier V, Dow JM, Sonti RV, Tsuge S, Brendel VP, Rabinowicz PD, Leach JE, White FF, Salzberg SL (2011). Two new complete genome sequences offer insight into host and tissue specificity of plant pathogenic //Xanthomonas// spp. J. Bacteriol. 193: 5450-5464. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.05262-11|10.1128/JB.05262-11]].
+Furutani A, Takaoka M, Sanada H, Noguchi Y, Oku T, Tsuno K, Ochiai H, Tsuge S (2009). Identification of novel type III secretion effectors in //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 22: 96-106. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-22-1-0096|10.1094/MPMI-22-1-0096]]
+Li S, Wang Y, Wang S, Fang A, Wang J, Liu L, Zhang K, Mao Y, Sun W (2015). The type III effector AvrBs2 in //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzicola// suppresses rice immunity and promotes disease development. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 28: 869-880. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-10-14-0314-R|10.1094/MPMI-10-14-0314-R]]
+Liu Y, Long J, Shen D, Song C (2016). //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// requires H-NS-family protein XrvC to regulate virulence during rice infection. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 363: fnw067. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnw067|10.1093/femsle/fnw067]]
+Song C, Yang B (2010). Mutagenesis of 18 type III effectors reveals virulence function of XopZ<sub>PXO99</sub> in //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 23: 893-902. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-23-7-0893|10.1094/MPMI-23-7-0893]]
-Falahi Charkhabi N, Booher NJ, Peng Z, Wang L, Rahimian H, Shams-Bakhsh M, Liu Z, Liu S, White FF, Bogdanove AJ (2017). Complete genome sequencing and targeted mutagenesis reveal virulence contributions of Tal2 and Tal4b of //Xanthomonas translucens// pv. undulosa ICMP11055 in bacterial leaf streak of wheat. Front Microbiol. 8: 1488. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb|10.3389/fmicb]].
+Yamaguchi K, Nakamura Y, Ishikawa K, Yoshimura Y, Tsuge S, Kawasaki T (2013a). Suppression of rice immunity by //Xanthomonas oryzae// type III effector Xoo2875. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 77: 796-801. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.120929|10.1271/bbb.120929]]
-Yamaguchi K, Nakamura Y, Ishikawa K, Yoshimura Y, Tsuge S, Kawasaki T (2013a). Suppression of rice immunity by //Xanthomonas oryzae// type III effector Xoo2875. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 77: 796–801. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.120929|10.1271/bbb.120929]].
+Yamaguchi K, Yamada K, Ishikawa K, Yoshimura S, Hayashi N, Uchihashi K, Ishihama N, Kishi-Kaboshi M, Takahashi A, Tsuge S, Ochiai H, Tada Y, Shimamoto K, Yoshioka H, Kawasaki T (2013b). A receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase targeted by a plant pathogen effector is directly phosphorylated by the chitin receptor and mediates rice immunity. Cell Host Microbe 13: 347-357. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2013.02.007|10.1016/j.chom.2013.02.007]]
-Yamaguchi K, Yamada K, Ishikawa K, Yoshimura S, Hayashi N, Uchihashi K, Ishihama N, Kishi-Kaboshi M, Takahashi A, Tsuge S, Ochiai H, Tada Y, Shimamoto K, Yoshioka H, Kawasaki T (2013b). A receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase targeted by a plant pathogen effector is directly phosphorylated by the chitin receptor and mediates rice immunity. Cell Host Microbe 13(:347–357. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2013.02.007|10.1016/j.chom.2013.02.007]].
+===== Acknowledgements =====
-White FF, Potnis N, Jones JB, Koebnik R (2009). The type III effectors of //Xanthomonas//. Mol. Plant Pathol. 10:749–766. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00590.x|10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00590.x]].
+This fact sheet is based upon work from COST Action CA16107 EuroXanth, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).

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