Learn about COST & EuroXanth
Molecular Diagnosis and Diversity for Regulated Xanthomonas
Bacterial virulence factors
This DokuWiki is based upon work from COST Action CA16107 EuroXanth, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology)
Follow EuroXanth on Twitter, ResearchGate or Scoop.it!
This is an old revision of the document!
Author: Ralf Koebnik
Expert reviewer: WANTED!
Class: XopM
Family: XopM
Prototype: XCV0442 (Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria, ex Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria; strain 85-10)
RefSeq ID: WP_011346113.1
3D structure: Unknown
xopM Xee85-10 was identified as a candidate T3E gene based on the presence of a PIP box in the promoter region and its conservation in other plant pathogens (Schulze et al., 2012).
Xanthomonas bacteria containing a translational fusion between XopM and an N-terminally truncated variant of AvrBs3 were shown by imumunodetection with an AvrBs3-specific antibody to secrete the chimeric protein into the culture medium in a T3SS-dependent manner (Schulze et al., 2012).
To test for T3SS-dependent translocation into plant cells, Xee 85-10 expressing the XopM-AvrBs3 chimeric protein was inoculated into leaves of AvrBs3-responsive pepper plants (ECW-30R) and the near-isogenic susceptible pepper line ECW, which lacks the Bs3 resistance gene. Bacteria expressing the XopM1–520-AvrBs3delta2 chimeric protein induced the hypersensitive response (HR) in ECW-30R, but not in ECW. As expected, no HR induction was observed in plants infected with a strain mutated in the T3SS gene hrcV (Schulze et al., 2012).
Expression of xopM Xee85-10 was shown to be controlled by both HrpG and HrpX (Schulze et al., 2012).
The Xee 85-10 strain deleted in xopM showed no difference in the induction of disease symptoms on pepper plants compared to the wild-type strain 85-10 (Schulze et al., 2012).
Unknown.
Unknown.
Unknown.
xopM is typically encoded next to the hrp gene cluster and considered a core effector gene in several Xanthomonas species (Merda et al., 2017; Pesce et al., 2017).
Yes (Acidovorax, Pseudomonas, and Ralstonia) (Schulze et al., 2012; Pesce et al., 2017)
Pesce C, Jacobs JM, Berthelot E, Perret M, Vancheva T, Bragard C, Koebnik R (2017). Comparative genomics identifies a novel conserved protein, HpaT, in proteobacterial type III secretion systems that do not possess the putative translocon protein HrpF. Front. Microbiol. 8: 1177. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01177
Merda D, Briand M, Bosis E, Rousseau C, Portier P, Barret M, Jacques MA, Fischer-Le Saux M (2017). Ancestral acquisitions, gene flow and multiple evolutionary trajectories of the type three secretion system and effectors in Xanthomonas plant pathogens. Mol. Ecol. 26: 5939-5952. DOI: 10.1111/mec.14343
Schulze S, Kay S, Büttner D, Egler M, Eschen-Lippold L, Hause G, Krüger A, Lee J, Müller O, Scheel D, Szczesny R, Thieme F, Bonas U (2012). Analysis of new type III effectors from Xanthomonas uncovers XopB and XopS as suppressors of plant immunity. New Phytol. 195: 894-911. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04210.x
