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bacteria:t3e:xopl [2024/10/28 11:26] – jericksonbacteria:t3e:xopl [2025/02/13 12:36] (current) – jfpothier
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 === How discovered? === === How discovered? ===
  
-XopL was first identified in //X. campestris// pv. //campestris // (//Xcc//) strain 8004 as a candidate T3E due to the presence of a plant-inducible promoter (PIP) box upstream of the CDS, XC_4273 (Jiang //et al.//, 2009). The CDS //XC_4273//, re-called XopXccLR (LR = leucine-rich repeat) or XopL<sub>Xcc</sub> for the purposes of this article, in //Xcc //8004 was suggested to be a T3E as it harboured a N-terminal region possessing a translocation signal that was able to target proteins into plant cells (Jiang //et al.//, 2009). It was also shown to be required for Xcc proliferation in hosts plant (Jiang //et al.//, 2009). It was only a few years later that the analysis of the genome sequence of //X.// //campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// (Xcv) strain 85-10 (synonymous with //X. euvesicatoria //85-10; //Xe// 85-10) led to the identification of XCV3220 (//xopL<sub>Xe</sub> //) as a new T3E candidate gene and to its more complete characterization (Singer// et al//., 2013). This revealed XopLXe as an E3 ubiquitin ligase with a novel fold (XL-box), capable of interacting with the plant host ubiquitination cascade (Singer //et al.//, 2023).+XopL was first identified in //X. campestris// pv. //campestris// (//Xcc//) strain 8004 as a candidate T3E due to the presence of a plant-inducible promoter (PIP) box upstream of the CDS, //XC_4273// (Jiang //et al.//, 2009). The CDS //XC_4273//, re-called XopXccLR (LR = leucine-rich repeat) or XopL<sub>Xcc</sub> for the purposes of this article, in //Xcc// 8004 was suggested to be a T3E as it harboured a N-terminal region possessing a translocation signal that was able to target proteins into plant cells (Jiang //et al.//, 2009). It was also shown to be required for //Xcc// proliferation in hosts plant (Jiang //et al.//, 2009). It was only a few years later that the analysis of the genome sequence of //X.// //campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// (//Xcv//) strain 85-10 (synonymous with //X. euvesicatoria// 85-10; //Xe// 85-10) led to the identification of XCV3220 (//xopL<sub>Xe</sub> //) as a new T3E candidate gene and to its more complete characterization (Singer //et al//., 2013). XopL<sub>Xe</sub> was shown to have E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, conferred by a ligase domain with a novel fold (XL-box), capable of interacting with the plant host ubiquitination cascade (Singer //et al.//, 2023). 
 === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E === === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
  
-XopL<sub>Xcc</sub> possesses features that are typical of T3Es: the promoter region of xopL<sub>Xcc8004</sub> gene contains a perfect plant inducible promoter (PIP) box followed by a 10 box similar sequence (TTCGC-N<sub>15</sub>-TTCGC-N<sub>31</sub>-ACGACA) and LRRs motif is characteristic of specific T3Es in pathogenic bacteria (Yan CKGE_TMP_i et al CKGE_TMP_i ., 2019). Using an AvrBs1 reporter fusion, XopL<sub>Xcc</sub> was shown to be translated into plant cells in a CKGE_TMP_i hrpF CKGE_TMP_i - and CKGE_TMP_i hpaB CKGE_TMP_i -dependent manner (Jiang //et al//., 2009). XopL<sub>Xe</sub> contains a PIP box (plant inducible promoter) in its promoter (TTCG-N<sub>16</sub>-TTCG; genome position 3669238-261) and co-regulation with the T3S system was confirmed by RT-PCR (Singer CKGE_TMP_i et al CKGE_TMP_i ., 2013). Type III-dependent secretion and translocation was confirmed by CKGE_TMP_i in vitro CKGE_TMP_i secretion and CKGE_TMP_i in vivo CKGE_TMP_i translocation assays (Singer CKGE_TMP_i et al CKGE_TMP_i ., 2013).+XopL<sub>Xcc</sub> possesses features that are typical of T3Es: the promoter region of the //xopL<sub>Xcc</sub>// gene contains a perfect plant inducible promoter (PIP) box followed by a 10 box similar sequence (TTCGC-N<sub>15</sub>-TTCGC-N<sub>31</sub>-ACGACA) and an LRR motif characteristic of T3Es in pathogenic bacteria (Yan //et al//., 2019). Using an AvrBs1 reporter fusion, XopL<sub>Xcc</sub> was shown to be translocated into plant cells in a //hrpF-// and //hpaB//-dependent manner (Jiang //et al//., 2009). XopL<sub>Xe</sub> also contains a PIP box (plant inducible promoter) in its promoter (TTCG-N<sub>16</sub>-TTCG; genome position 3669238-261) and co-regulation with the T3S system was confirmed by RT-PCR (Singer //et al.//, 2013). Type III-dependent secretion and translocation was confirmed by //in vitro//secretion and //in vivo//translocation assays (Singer //et al.//, 2013).
 === Regulation === === Regulation ===
  
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 qRT-PCR revealed that transcript levels of 15 out of 18 tested non-TAL effector genes (as well as the regulatory genes //hrpG// and //hrpX//), including //xopL//, were significantly reduced in the //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// Δ//xrvC// mutant compared with those in the wild-type strain PXO99<sup>A</sup>  (Liu //et al.//, 2016). qRT-PCR revealed that transcript levels of 15 out of 18 tested non-TAL effector genes (as well as the regulatory genes //hrpG// and //hrpX//), including //xopL//, were significantly reduced in the //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// Δ//xrvC// mutant compared with those in the wild-type strain PXO99<sup>A</sup>  (Liu //et al.//, 2016).
  
-The expression of //xopL// <sub>Xcc8004</sub> gene is positively regulated by HrpG/HrpX (Yan //et al//., 2019).+The expression of //xopL<sub>Xcc</sub>// gene is positively regulated by HrpG/HrpX (Yan //et al//., 2019).
 === Phenotypes === === Phenotypes ===
  
-  * +  * XopL<sub>//Xe//</sub>  from //X. euvesicatoria//  85-10 (previously referred to as //X. campestris// pv. //euvesicatoria//; //Xcv//) displays E3 ubiquitin ligase activity (Singer //et al.//, 2013). 
- <font 11pt/Aptos,sans-serif;;inherit;;inherit>XopL<sub>Xe </sub>from CKGE_TMP_i X. euvesicatoria CKGE_TMP_i 85-10 (previously referred to as CKGE_TMP_i X. campestris CKGE_TMP_i pv. CKGE_TMP_i euvesicatoria CKGE_TMP_i ; CKGE_TMP_i Xcv CKGE_TMP_i ) displays E3 ubiquitin ligase activity (Singer CKGE_TMP_i et al CKGE_TMP_i ., 2013).</font> +  * XopL//<sub>Xe</sub>// inhibits expression of the elf18- and flg22-induced defense gene pNHL10 in //Arabidopsis// mesophyll protoplasts independent of E3 ligase function (Singer //et al.//, 2013). 
- +  * XopL//<sub>Xe</sub>// suppresses ABA responsive reporter //pRD29b:GUS// and PTI reporter //pFRK1:LUC// in //Arabidopsis// protoplasts (Popov //et al//., 2016). 
-  * +  * XopL//<sub>Xcc</sub>// interferes with innate immunity (Yan //et al.//, 2019; Huang //et al.//, 2024a) and SA signaling in //Arabidopsis// (Huang //et al.//, 2024). 
- <font 11pt/Aptos,sans-serif;;inherit;;inherit>XopL<sub>Xe </sub>inhibits expression of the elf18- and flg22-induced defense gene pNHL10 in CKGE_TMP_i Arabidopsis CKGE_TMP_i mesophyll protoplasts independent of E3 ligase function (Singer CKGE_TMP_i et al CKGE_TMP_i ., 2013).</font> +  * XopL//<sub>Xe</sub>// triggers cell death in //Nicotiana benthamiana// in an E3 ligase dependant manner (Singer //et al.//, 2013). XopL<sub>Xoc</sub> from //X. oryzae// pv. //oryzicola// and XopL<sub>Xoo</sub> from //X. oryzae// pv. //oryzae// PX099A also cause cell death in this model (Ma //et al.//, 2020). 
- +  * Distantly related XopL homolog XopL//<sub>Xcc</sub>// from //Xcc// 8004 failed to cause plant cell death. (Ortmann //et al.//, 2023). 
-  * +  * XopL//<sub>Xcc</sub>// is required for full virulence and growth of //Xcc// 8004 in the host plant Chinese radish (Jiang //et al.//, 2009) but not in //Arabidopsis// (Huang et al, 2024). However a mutant for 17 effectors (Δ//17E//) supplemented with //xopL<sub>Xcc</sub> // did grow better than Δ//17E//. 
- <font 11pt/Aptos,sans-serif;;inherit;;inherit>XopL<sub>Xe</sub> suppresses ABA responsive reporter CKGE_TMP_i pRD29b:GUS CKGE_TMP_i and PTI reporter CKGE_TMP_i pFRK1:LUC CKGE_TMP_i in CKGE_TMP_i Arabidopsis CKGE_TMP_i protoplasts (Popov CKGE_TMP_i et al CKGE_TMP_i ., 2016).</font> +  * XopL//<sub>Xcc</sub>// constitutive overexpression in //Arabidopsis// led to enhanced //Xcc// 8004 virulence and suppressed callose deposition and oxidative burst (Huang //et al.//, 2024). 
- +  * XopL//<sub>Xe</sub>// is required for full virulence of //Xe// 85-10 on tomato (Leong et al., 2022). 
-  * +  * XopL//<sub>Xap</sub>// supports //X. axonopodis //pv.// punicae //multiplication in pomegranate by suppressing plant immune responses including plant cell death (Soni //et al//., 2017). 
- <font 11pt/Aptos,sans-serif;;inherit;;inherit>XopL<sub>Xcc</sub> interferes with innate immunity (Yan CKGE_TMP_i et al CKGE_TMP_i ., 2019; Huang et al., 2024a) and SA signaling in Arabidopsis (Huang et al., 2024).</font> +  * Transient expression of XopL//<sub>Xe</sub> //, led to a nearly complete elimination of stromules and the relocation of plastids to the nucleus and further characterization revealed that the E3 ligase activity is essential for the two plastid phenotypes (//Erickson et al//., 2018). 
- +  * //Xe //85-10 suppresses host autophagy by utilizing type-III effector XopL//<sub>Xe</sub> //. Intriguingly, XopL//<sub>Xe</sub>// is targeted for degradation by defense-related selective autophagy mediated by NBR1/Joka2, revealing a complex antagonistic interplay between XopL and the host autophagy machinery (Leong// et al.//, 2022).
-  * +
- <font 11pt/Aptos,sans-serif;;inherit;;inherit>XopL<sub>Xe</sub> triggers cell death in CKGE_TMP_i Nicotiana benthamiana CKGE_TMP_i in an E3 ligase dependant manner (Singer CKGE_TMP_i et al CKGE_TMP_i ., 2013). XopL<sub>Xoc</sub> from CKGE_TMP_i X. oryzae CKGE_TMP_i pv. CKGE_TMP_i oryzicola CKGE_TMP_i and XopL<sub>Xoo</sub> from CKGE_TMP_i X. oryzae CKGE_TMP_i pv. CKGE_TMP_i oryzae CKGE_TMP_i PX099A also cause cell death in this model (Ma et al., 2020).</font> +
- +
-  * +
- <font 11pt/Aptos,sans-serif;;inherit;;inherit>Distantly related XopL homolog XopL<sub>Xcc</sub> from CKGE_TMP_i X. campestris CKGE_TMP_i pv. CKGE_TMP_i campestris CKGE_TMP_i 8004 failed to cause plant cell death. (Ortmann CKGE_TMP_i et al. CKGE_TMP_i , 2023).</font> +
- +
-  * +
- <font 11pt/Aptos,sans-serif;;inherit;;inherit>XopL<sub>Xcc</sub> is required for full virulence and growth of CKGE_TMP_i X. campestris CKGE_TMP_i pv. CKGE_TMP_i campestris CKGE_TMP_i 8004 in the host plant Chinese radish (Jiang CKGE_TMP_i et al. CKGE_TMP_i , 2009) but not in Arabidopsis (Huang et al, 2024a. However a mutant for 17 effectors (Δ CKGE_TMP_i 17E CKGE_TMP_i ) supplemented with CKGE_TMP_i xopL<sub>Xcc</sub> CKGE_TMP_i did grow better than Δ CKGE_TMP_i 17E CKGE_TMP_i</font> +
- +
-  * +
- <font 11pt/Aptos,sans-serif;;inherit;;inherit>XopL<sub>Xcc</sub> constituative overexpression in Arabidopsis let to enhance Xcc 8004 virulence and suppressed callose deposition and oxidative burst (Huang et al., 2024)</font> +
- +
-  * +
- <font 11pt/Aptos,sans-serif;;inherit;;inherit>XopL<sub>Xe</sub> is required for full virulence of CKGE_TMP_i Xe CKGE_TMP_i 85-10 on tomato (Leong et al., 2022).</font> +
- +
-  * +
- <font 11pt/Aptos,sans-serif;;inherit;;inherit>XopL<sub>Xap</sub> supports CKGE_TMP_i X. axonopodis CKGE_TMP_i pv. CKGE_TMP_i punicae CKGE_TMP_i multiplication in pomegranate by suppressing plant immune responses including plant cell death (Soni CKGE_TMP_i et al CKGE_TMP_i ., 2017).</font> +
- +
-  * +
- <font 11pt/Aptos,sans-serif;;inherit;;inherit>Transient expression of XopL<sub>Xe</sub>, led to a nearly complete elimination of stromules and the relocation of plastids to the nucleus and further characterization revealed that the E3 ligase activity is essential for two plastid phenotypes (Erickson CKGE_TMP_i et al CKGE_TMP_i ., 2018).</font> +
- +
-  * +
- <font 11pt/Aptos,sans-serif;;inherit;;inherit>CKGE_TMP_i Xcv CKGE_TMP_i strain 85-10 suppresses host autophagy by utilizing type-III effector XopL<sub>Xe</sub>. Intriguingly, XopL<sub>Xe</sub> is targeted for degradation by defense-related selective autophagy mediated by NBR1/Joka2, revealing a complex antagonistic interplay between XopL and the host autophagy machinery (Leong CKGE_TMP_i et al. CKGE_TMP_i , 2022).</font> +
 === Localization === === Localization ===
  
-Several localization patterns have been reported for XopL proteins in epidermal cells with some strain dependent differences. XopLs are most often tagged on the C-terminus, with the exception of the studies by Leong CKGE_TMP_i et al CKGE_TMP_i ., 2022 and Yan et al., 2019. Cytosolic localization has been reported for XopL<sub>Xe</sub>  (Erickson et al., 2018), XopL<sub>Xcc</sub>  (Yan et al., 2019; Ortmann et al. 2023) CKGE_TMP_i , CKGE_TMP_i XopL<sub>Xoo </sub>  (Ma et al., 2020; Ortmann et al. 2023; ), and XopL<sub>Xac</sub>  from CKGE_TMP_i X. citri CKGE_TMP_i pv. CKGE_TMP_i citri CKGE_TMP_i (Ortmann et al. 2023) in CKGE_TMP_i N. benthamiana CKGE_TMP_i . Nuclear localization was reported for XopL<sub>Xe</sub>, XopL<sub>Xcc </sub>  (Yan CKGE_TMP_i et al. CKGE_TMP_i , 2019; Ortmann et al. 2023) and XopL<sub>Xac</sub>  in CKGE_TMP_i N. benthamiana CKGE_TMP_i (Ortmann et al. 2023), but not for XopL<sub>Xoo</sub>  in CKGE_TMP_i N. benthamiana CKGE_TMP_i or XopL<sub>Xap</sub>  from CKGE_TMP_i X. axonopodis CKGE_TMP_i pv CKGE_TMP_i punicae CKGE_TMP_i in CKGE_TMP_i A. thaliana CKGE_TMP_i protoplasts (Soni CKGE_TMP_i et al. CKGE_TMP_i , 2017; Ortmann et al. 2023). Plasma membrane localization has been reported for XopL<sub>Xap </sub>  transiently expressed in CKGE_TMP_i Nicotiana benthmiana CKGE_TMP_i (Soni CKGE_TMP_i et al CKGE_TMP_i ., 2017) and XopL CKGE_TMP_i <sub>Xcc</sub>  CKGE_TMP_i expressed in CKGE_TMP_i A. thaliana CKGE_TMP_i protoplasts (Huang CKGE_TMP_i et al. CKGE_TMP_i , 2024b; Yan CKGE_TMP_i et al. CKGE_TMP_i , 2019) and CKGE_TMP_i N. benthamiana CKGE_TMP_i leaves (Yan CKGE_TMP_i et al. CKGE_TMP_i , 2019). Microtubule localization has been reported for XopL<sub>Xe</sub>, XopL<sub>Xoo </sub>  and XopL<sub>Xac</sub>, whereas the distantly related XopL<sub>Xcc</sub>  failed to localize to microtubules (Ortmann CKGE_TMP_i et al. CKGE_TMP_i , 2023). Autophagosome localization has been repoted for XopL<sub>Xe</sub>  (co-localizes with autophagy markers RFP-ATG8e and SH3P2-RFP; Leong CKGE_TMP_i et al CKGE_TMP_i ., 2022).+Several localization patterns have been reported for XopL proteins in epidermal cells with some strain dependent differences. XopLs are most often tagged at the C-terminus, with the exception of the studies by Leong //et al//., 2022 and Yan //et al.//, 2019.
  
 +  * __Cytosolic localization__ has been reported for XopL//<sub>Xe</sub>// (Erickson //et al.//, 2018), XopL//<sub>Xcc</sub>// (Yan //et al//., 2019; Ortmann //et al//. 2023), XopL<sub>//Xoo//</sub> (Ma //et al//., 2020; Ortmann //et al//., 2023), and XopL//<sub>Xac</sub> //  from //X. citri// pv. //citri// (Ortmann et al. 2023) in //N. benthamiana//.
 +  * __Nuclear localization__ was reported for XopL//<sub>Xe</sub>//, XopL<sub>//Xcc//</sub> (Yan //et al.//, 2019; Ortmann //et al//., 2023) and XopL//<sub>Xac</sub>// in //N. benthamiana// (Ortmann et al. 2023), but not for XopL//<sub>Xoo</sub>// in //N. benthamiana// or XopL//<sub>Xap</sub>// from //X. axonopodis// pv. //punicae// in //Arabidopsis// protoplasts (Soni //et al.//, 2017; Ortmann //et al.,// 2023).
 +  * __Plasma membrane localization__ has been reported for XopL<sub>//Xap//</sub> transiently expressed in //N. benthmiana// (Soni //et al//., 2017) and XopL//<sub>Xcc</sub>// expressed in //Arabidopsis// protoplasts (Huang //et al//. 2024b; Yan //et al.// , 2019) and //N. benthamiana// leaves (Yan //et al//., 2019).
 +  * __Microtubule localization__ has been reported for XopL//<sub>Xe</sub>//, XopL<sub>//Xoo//</sub> and XopL//<sub>Xac</sub>//, whereas the distantly related XopL//<sub>Xcc</sub>// failed to localize to microtubules in //N. benthamiana// (Ortmann //et al.//, 2023).
 +  * __Autophagosome localization__ has been reported for XopL//<sub>Xe</sub>// (co-localizes with autophagy markers RFP-ATG8e and SH3P2-RFP; Leong //et al//., 2022).
 === Enzymatic function === === Enzymatic function ===
  
-XopL<sub>Xe</sub>  contains 9 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Mutation of amino acids in the central cavity of the XL-box disrupt E3 ligase activity and prevent XopL-induced plant cell death. The lack of cysteine residues in the XL-box suggest that thioester-linked ubiquitin-E3 ligase intermediates are not formed during XopL-mediated ubiquitination. Suppression of PAMP responses solely depends on the N-terminal LRR domain (Singer CKGE_TMP_i et al CKGE_TMP_i ., 2013).+XopL<sub>Xe</sub> harbours an unstructured N-terminus, followed by three alpha helices, an leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain and an XL-box. Mutation of amino acids in the central cavity of the XL-box disrupt E3 ligase activity and prevent XopL-induced plant cell death. The lack of cysteine residues in the XL-box suggest that thioester-linked ubiquitin-E3 ligase intermediates are not formed during XopL-mediated ubiquitination. Suppression of PAMP responses solely depends on the N-terminal LRR domain (Singer //et al//., 2013), while microtubule binding relies on a proline-rich region in the unstructured region and the alpha-helical region (Ortman //et al//., 2023).
  
 === Interaction partners === === Interaction partners ===
  
-XopL CKGE_TMP_i <sub>Xe</sub>  CKGE_TMP_i interacts with and degrades the autophagy component SH3P2 via its E3 ligase activity to promote infection (Leong CKGE_TMP_i et al. CKGE_TMP_i , 2022). XopL<sub>Xoo</sub>  interacts with and degrades ferredoxin from N. benthamiana, part of the electron transport chain (Ma et al., 2020). XopLXcc interaction with proton pump interactor 1 (PPI1) in Arabidopsis (Huang et al., 2024).+XopL<sub>Xe</sub> interacts with and degrades the autophagy component SH3P2 via its E3 ligase activity to promote infection (Leong //et al.//, 2022). XopL<sub>Xoo</sub> interacts with and degrades ferredoxin from //N. benthamiana//, part of the electron transport chain (Ma //et al.//, 2020). XopLXcc interaction with proton pump interactor 1 (PPI1) in //Arabidopsis// (Huang //et al//., 2024b).
  
 ===== Conservation ===== ===== Conservation =====
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 === In xanthomonads === === In xanthomonads ===
  
-Yes (//e.g.//, //X. euvesicatoria//, //X. citri//, //X. axonopodis//, //X. oryzae//, //X. oryzicola//, //X//. //fragariae//, //X//. //perforans, X. gardneri//, //X. campestris//  pv. //campestris//, but not //X. campestris//  pv. //raphani//, in some //X. arboricola//  pathovars). See for example [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-22-11-1401|Table 2]] in Jiang //et al//. (2009) and [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003121.s001|Figure S1]] in Singer //et al//. (2013).+Yes (//e.g.//, //X. euvesicatoria//, //X. citri//, //X. axonopodis//, //X. oryzae//, //X. oryzicola//, //X//. //fragariae//, //X//. //perforans, X. gardneri//, //X. campestris// pv. //campestris//, but not //X. campestris// pv. //raphani//, in some //X. arboricola// pathovars). See for example [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-22-11-1401|Table 2]] in Jiang //et al//. (2009) and [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003121.s001|Figure S1]] in Singer //et al//. (2013).
  
 === In other plant pathogens/symbionts === === In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
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 ===== References ===== ===== References =====
  
-Adlung N (2016). Charakterisierung der Avirulenzaktivität von XopQ und Identifizierung möglicher Interaktoren von XopL aus //Xanthomonas campestris//  pv. //vesicatoria//. Doctoral Thesis. Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany. PDF: [[https://d-nb.info/1116951061/34|d-nb.info/1116951061/34]]FIXME+Adlung N (2016). Charakterisierung der Avirulenzaktivität von XopQ und Identifizierung möglicher Interaktoren von XopL aus //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria//. Doctoral Thesis. Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany. PDF: [[https://d-nb.info/1116951061/34|d-nb.info/1116951061/34]]FIXME
  
-Erickson JL, Adlung N, Lampe C, Bonas U, Schattat MH (2018). The //Xanthomonas//  effector XopL uncovers the role of microtubules in stromule extension and dynamics in //Nicotiana benthamiana//. Plant J. 93: 856-870. DOI:[[https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13813|10.1111/tpj.13813]]+Erickson JL, Adlung N, Lampe C, Bonas U, Schattat MH (2018). The //Xanthomonas// effector XopL uncovers the role of microtubules in stromule extension and dynamics in //Nicotiana benthamiana//. Plant J. 93: 856-870. DOI:[[https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13813|10.1111/tpj.13813]]
  
-Huang J, Dong Y, Li N, He Y, Zhou H (2024). The type III effector XopL//<sub>Xcc</sub> //  in //Xanthomonas campestris//  pv. //campestris//  targets the proton pump interactor 1 and suppresses innate immunity in //Arabidopsis//. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 25: 9175. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179175|10.3390/ijms25179175]]+Huang J, Dong Y, Li N, He Y, Zhou H (2024a). The type III effector XopL//<sub>Xcc</sub>// in //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //campestris// targets the proton pump interactor 1 and suppresses innate immunity in //Arabidopsis//. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 25: 9175. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179175|10.3390/ijms25179175]]
  
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 Leong JX, Raffeiner M, Spinti D, Langin G, Franz-Wachtel M, Guzman AR, Kim JG, Pandey P, Minina AE, Macek B, Hafrén A, Bozkurt TO, Mudgett MB, Börnke F, Hofius D, Üstün S (2022). A bacterial effector counteracts host autophagy by promoting degradation of an autophagy component. EMBO J. 41: e110352. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2021110352|10.15252/embj.2021110352]] Leong JX, Raffeiner M, Spinti D, Langin G, Franz-Wachtel M, Guzman AR, Kim JG, Pandey P, Minina AE, Macek B, Hafrén A, Bozkurt TO, Mudgett MB, Börnke F, Hofius D, Üstün S (2022). A bacterial effector counteracts host autophagy by promoting degradation of an autophagy component. EMBO J. 41: e110352. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2021110352|10.15252/embj.2021110352]]
  
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 Singer AU, Schulze S, Skarina T, Xu X, Cui H, Eschen-Lippold L, Egler M, Srikumar T, Raught B, Lee J, Scheel D, Savchenko A, Bonas U (2013). A pathogen type III effector with a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase architecture. PLoS Pathog. 9: e1003121. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003121|10.1371/journal.ppat.1003121]] Singer AU, Schulze S, Skarina T, Xu X, Cui H, Eschen-Lippold L, Egler M, Srikumar T, Raught B, Lee J, Scheel D, Savchenko A, Bonas U (2013). A pathogen type III effector with a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase architecture. PLoS Pathog. 9: e1003121. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003121|10.1371/journal.ppat.1003121]]
  
-Soni M, Mondal KK. (2017). //Xanthomonas axonopodis//  pv. //punicae//  employs XopL effector to suppress pomegranate immunity. J. Integr. Plant Biol. 60: 341-357. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12615|10.1111/jipb.12615]]+Soni M, Mondal KK. (2017). //Xanthomonas axonopodis// pv. //punicae// employs XopL effector to suppress pomegranate immunity. J. Integr. Plant Biol. 60: 341-357. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12615|10.1111/jipb.12615]]
  
-Yan X, Tao J, Luo HL, Tan LT, Rong W, Li HP, He CZ (2019). A type III effector XopL<sub>Xcc8004</sub>  is vital for //Xanthomonas campestris//  pathovar //campestris//  to regulate plant immunity. Res. Microbiol. 170: 138-146. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2018.12.001|10.1016/j.resmic.2018.12.001]]+Yan X, Tao J, Luo HL, Tan LT, Rong W, Li HP, He CZ (2019). A type III effector XopL<sub>Xcc8004</sub> is vital for //Xanthomonas campestris// pathovar //campestris// to regulate plant immunity. Res. Microbiol. 170: 138-146. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2018.12.001|10.1016/j.resmic.2018.12.001]]
  
 ===== Acknowledgements ===== ===== Acknowledgements =====
bacteria/t3e/xopl.1730114783.txt.gz · Last modified: 2024/10/28 11:26 by jerickson

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