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bacteria:t3e:xopk [2025/07/04 23:40] – jfpothierbacteria:t3e:xopk [2025/11/29 17:32] (current) – jfpothier
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 ====== The Type III Effector XopK from //Xanthomonas// ====== ====== The Type III Effector XopK from //Xanthomonas// ======
  
-Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joel_Pothier2|Joël F. Pothier]] & Trainees from the 2<sup>nd</sup> EuroXanth Training School ([[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Amandine_Cunty|Amandine Cunty]], [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Filip_Gazdik|Filip Gazdik]], [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leonor_Martins|Leonor Martins]], Cinzia Van Malderghem, Esther Van Veen)\\ +Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joel_Pothier2|Joël F Pothier]] & Trainees from the 2<sup>nd</sup> EuroXanth Training School ([[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Amandine_Cunty|Amandine Cunty]], [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Filip_Gazdik|Filip Gazdik]], [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leonor_Martins|Leonor Martins]], [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/C-Malderghem|Cinzia Van Malderghem]], Esther Van Veen)\\ 
-Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alexandre_Menezes6|Alexandre B. de Menezes]]\\ +Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alexandre_Menezes6|Alexandre B de Menezes]]\\ 
-Expert reviewer: Rebecca Bart\\+Expert reviewer: [[https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1378-3481|Rebecca Bart]]\\
  
 Class: XopK\\ Class: XopK\\
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 Preceded by both a PIP box and a -10 box-like motif (Schulze //et al//., 2012; Furutani //et al//., 2006). Preceded by both a PIP box and a -10 box-like motif (Schulze //et al//., 2012; Furutani //et al//., 2006).
  
-qRT-PCR revealed that transcript levels of 15 out of 18 tested non-TAL effector genes (as well as the regulatory genes //hrpG// and //hrpX//), including //xopK//, were significantly reduced in the //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// Δ//xrvC// mutant compared with those in the wild-type strain PXO99<sup>A</sup>  (Liu //et al.//, 2016).+qRT-PCR revealed that transcript levels of 15 out of 18 tested non-TAL effector genes (as well as the regulatory genes //hrpG// and //hrpX//), including //xopK//, were significantly reduced in the //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// Δ//xrvC// mutant compared with those in the wild-type strain PXO99<sup>A</sup> (Liu //et al.//, 2016).
  
 === Phenotypes === === Phenotypes ===
  
-  * Deletion of XopK has been shown not to affect the virulence of //X. oryzae//  pv. //oryzae//  (//Xoo//) PXO99<sup>A</sup>   in rice IR24 plants; these differential results could be attributed to different genotypes of the rice cultivar or field conditions for plant growth (Song & Yang, 2010). +  * Deletion of XopK has been shown not to affect the virulence of //X. oryzae// pv. //oryzae// (//Xoo//) PXO99<sup>A</sup> in rice IR24 plants; these differential results could be attributed to different genotypes of the rice cultivar or field conditions for plant growth (Song & Yang, 2010). 
-  * A ∆//xopK//  mutant strain of //Xanthomonas phaseoli//  pv. //manihotis//  (aka //Xanthomonas axonopodis//  pv. //manihotis//) exhibited enhanced induction of disease symptoms in cassava at the site of inoculation but reduced spread through the vasculature (Mutka //et al.//, 2016). +  * A ∆//xopK// mutant strain of //Xanthomonas phaseoli// pv. //manihotis// (aka //Xanthomonas axonopodis// pv. //manihotis//) exhibited enhanced induction of disease symptoms in cassava at the site of inoculation but reduced spread through the vasculature (Mutka //et al.//, 2016). 
-  * XopK<sub>//Xoo// </sub>  inhibits pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity upstream of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades (Qin //et al.//, 2018) +  * XopK<sub>//Xoo//</sub> inhibits pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity upstream of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades (Qin //et al.//, 2018) 
-  * Transgenic strawberries expressing XopK exhibit increased susceptibility to //Xanthomonas fragariae//  strain YL19, and this was associated with weakened stomatal immunity. Additionally, abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation and signaling were significantly suppressed in XopK-overexpressing strawberry plants. Overexpression of XopK also inhibited ABA- and methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced stomatal closure in strawberry leaves. Moreover, endogenous ABA is critical for //X. fragariae//-induced stomatal closure. These results suggested that //X. fragariae//  strain YL19 uses XopK to suppress ABA signaling to disrupt stomatal closure allowing bacterial colonization for disease development (Cai //et al.//, 2025).+  * Transgenic strawberries expressing XopK exhibit increased susceptibility to //Xanthomonas fragariae// strain YL19, and this was associated with weakened stomatal immunity. Additionally, abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation and signaling were significantly suppressed in XopK-overexpressing strawberry plants. Overexpression of XopK also inhibited ABA- and methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced stomatal closure in strawberry leaves. Moreover, endogenous ABA is critical for //X. fragariae//-induced stomatal closure. These results suggested that //X. fragariae// strain YL19 uses XopK to suppress ABA signaling to disrupt stomatal closure allowing bacterial colonization for disease development (Cai //et al.//, 2025).
  
 === Localization === === Localization ===
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 === Enzymatic function === === Enzymatic function ===
  
-The protein has E3 ubiquinol ligase activity. The putative E2-binding site is highly conserved in the majority of members from different //Xanthomonas//  strains except for //X. oryzae//  pv. oryzicola strains (W420C).+The protein has E3 ubiquinol ligase activity. The putative E2-binding site is highly conserved in the majority of members from different //Xanthomonas// strains except for //X. oryzae// pv. oryzicola strains (W420C).
  
 === Interaction partners === === Interaction partners ===
  
-XopK<sub>//Xoo// </sub>  interacted with and directly ubiquitinated rice somatic embryogenic receptor kinase 2 (OsSERK2), resulting in its degradation (Qin //et al//., 2018)+XopK<sub>//Xoo//</sub> interacted with and directly ubiquitinated rice somatic embryogenic receptor kinase 2 (OsSERK2), resulting in its degradation (Qin //et al//., 2018)
  
 ===== Conservation ===== ===== Conservation =====
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 === In xanthomonads === === In xanthomonads ===
  
-Yes (based on EDGAR [[https://www.uni-giessen.de/de/fbz/fb08/Inst/bioinformatik/software/EDGAR|https://www.uni-giessen.de/de/fbz/fb08/Inst/bioinformatik/software/EDGAR]]; e.g., //X. oryzae// pvs. //oryzae// and //oryzicola//, //X. citri// pvs. //citri//, //malvacearum//, //fuscans// and //glycines//, //X. euvesicatoria// pvs. //euvesicatoria// and //perforans//, //X. campestris//, //X. hortorum// pv. //gardneri//, //X. fragariae//, //X. translucens//, //X. vesicatoria//). In addition to the taxa above, BLAST against the GenBank nt database also shows matches to //X. arboricola// and //X. hyacinthi//.+Yes (based on [[https://www.uni-giessen.de/de/fbz/fb08/Inst/bioinformatik/software/EDGAR|EDGAR]]; e.g., //X. oryzae// pvs. //oryzae// and //oryzicola//, //X. citri// pvs. //citri//, //malvacearum//, //fuscans// and //glycines//, //X. euvesicatoria// pvs. //euvesicatoria// and //perforans//, //X. campestris//, //X. hortorum// pv. //gardneri//, //X. fragariae//, //X. translucens//, //X. vesicatoria//). In addition to the taxa above, BLAST against the GenBank nt database also shows matches to //X. arboricola// and //X. hyacinthi//.
  
 === In other plant pathogens/symbionts === === In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
bacteria/t3e/xopk.1751668822.txt.gz · Last modified: 2025/07/04 23:40 by jfpothier

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