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bacteria:t3e:xopk [2025/02/13 12:31] – jfpothierbacteria:t3e:xopk [2025/07/24 22:40] (current) – jfpothier
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 Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joel_Pothier2|Joël F. Pothier]] & Trainees from the 2<sup>nd</sup> EuroXanth Training School ([[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Amandine_Cunty|Amandine Cunty]], [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Filip_Gazdik|Filip Gazdik]], [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leonor_Martins|Leonor Martins]], Cinzia Van Malderghem, Esther Van Veen)\\ Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joel_Pothier2|Joël F. Pothier]] & Trainees from the 2<sup>nd</sup> EuroXanth Training School ([[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Amandine_Cunty|Amandine Cunty]], [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Filip_Gazdik|Filip Gazdik]], [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leonor_Martins|Leonor Martins]], Cinzia Van Malderghem, Esther Van Veen)\\
 Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alexandre_Menezes6|Alexandre B. de Menezes]]\\ Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alexandre_Menezes6|Alexandre B. de Menezes]]\\
-Expert reviewer: Rebecca Bart+Expert reviewer: Rebecca Bart\\
  
 Class: XopK\\ Class: XopK\\
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 XopK was discovered as a putative T3E based on the presence of a plant-inducible promoter box-like sequence and a -10 box-like sequence (Furutani //et al//., 2006). XopK was discovered as a putative T3E based on the presence of a plant-inducible promoter box-like sequence and a -10 box-like sequence (Furutani //et al//., 2006).
 +
 === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E === === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
  
 Mutation of a putative ubiquitin-conjugation enzyme (E2) binding site abolished XopK-induced degradation of rice somatic receptor kinase 2 (OsSERK2) and compromised XopK-dependent virulence (Qin //et al//., 2018). Expression of XopK is HrpX-dependent (Furutani //et al//., 2006) and was observed to translocate using a Cya reporter system (Furutani //et al//., 2009). Mutation of a putative ubiquitin-conjugation enzyme (E2) binding site abolished XopK-induced degradation of rice somatic receptor kinase 2 (OsSERK2) and compromised XopK-dependent virulence (Qin //et al//., 2018). Expression of XopK is HrpX-dependent (Furutani //et al//., 2006) and was observed to translocate using a Cya reporter system (Furutani //et al//., 2009).
 +
 === Regulation === === Regulation ===
  
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 qRT-PCR revealed that transcript levels of 15 out of 18 tested non-TAL effector genes (as well as the regulatory genes //hrpG// and //hrpX//), including //xopK//, were significantly reduced in the //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// Δ//xrvC// mutant compared with those in the wild-type strain PXO99<sup>A</sup> (Liu //et al.//, 2016). qRT-PCR revealed that transcript levels of 15 out of 18 tested non-TAL effector genes (as well as the regulatory genes //hrpG// and //hrpX//), including //xopK//, were significantly reduced in the //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// Δ//xrvC// mutant compared with those in the wild-type strain PXO99<sup>A</sup> (Liu //et al.//, 2016).
 +
 === Phenotypes === === Phenotypes ===
  
-  * Deletion of XopK has been shown not to affect the virulence of //X. oryzae// pv. //oryzae// PXO99A in rice IR24 plants; these differential results could be attributed to different genotypes of the rice cultivar or field conditions for plant growth (Song & Yang, 2010).+  * Deletion of XopK has been shown not to affect the virulence of //X. oryzae// pv. //oryzae// (//Xoo//) PXO99<sup>A</sup> in rice IR24 plants; these differential results could be attributed to different genotypes of the rice cultivar or field conditions for plant growth (Song & Yang, 2010).
   * A ∆//xopK// mutant strain of //Xanthomonas phaseoli// pv. //manihotis// (aka //Xanthomonas axonopodis// pv. //manihotis//) exhibited enhanced induction of disease symptoms in cassava at the site of inoculation but reduced spread through the vasculature (Mutka //et al.//, 2016).   * A ∆//xopK// mutant strain of //Xanthomonas phaseoli// pv. //manihotis// (aka //Xanthomonas axonopodis// pv. //manihotis//) exhibited enhanced induction of disease symptoms in cassava at the site of inoculation but reduced spread through the vasculature (Mutka //et al.//, 2016).
-  * XopK inhibits pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity upstream of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades (Qin //et al.//, 2018)+  * XopK<sub>//Xoo//</sub> inhibits pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity upstream of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades (Qin //et al.//, 2018) 
 +  * Transgenic strawberries expressing XopK exhibit increased susceptibility to //Xanthomonas fragariae// strain YL19, and this was associated with weakened stomatal immunity. Additionally, abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation and signaling were significantly suppressed in XopK-overexpressing strawberry plants. Overexpression of XopK also inhibited ABA- and methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced stomatal closure in strawberry leaves. Moreover, endogenous ABA is critical for //X. fragariae//-induced stomatal closure. These results suggested that //X. fragariae// strain YL19 uses XopK to suppress ABA signaling to disrupt stomatal closure allowing bacterial colonization for disease development (Cai //et al.//, 2025).
  
 === Localization === === Localization ===
  
-The XopK sequence contains 54% hydrophobic residues and several predicted transmembrane domains. Thus, it is possible this protein is associated with host cell membranes following secretion (Mutka //et al//., 2016)+The XopK sequence contains 54% hydrophobic residues and several predicted transmembrane domains. Thus, it is possible that this protein is associated with host cell membranes following secretion (Mutka //et al//., 2016)
  
 === Enzymatic function === === Enzymatic function ===
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 === Interaction partners === === Interaction partners ===
  
-XopK interacted with and directly ubiquitinated rice somatic embryogenic receptor kinase 2 (OsSERK2), resulting in its degradation (Qin //et al//., 2018)+XopK<sub>//Xoo//</sub> interacted with and directly ubiquitinated rice somatic embryogenic receptor kinase 2 (OsSERK2), resulting in its degradation (Qin //et al//., 2018)
  
 ===== Conservation ===== ===== Conservation =====
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 === In xanthomonads === === In xanthomonads ===
  
-Yes (based on EDGAR; e.g., //X. oryzae// pvs. oryzae and oryzicola, //X. citri// pvs. citri, malvacearum, fuscans and glycines, //X. euvesicatoria//, //X. perforans//, //X. campestris//, //X. cynarae// pv. gardneri, //X. fragariae//, //X. translucens//, //X. vesicatoria//). In addition to the taxa above, BLAST against the GenBank nt database also shows matches to //X. arboricola//, //X. hortorum//, //X. hyacinthi//.+Yes (based on EDGAR [[https://www.uni-giessen.de/de/fbz/fb08/Inst/bioinformatik/software/EDGAR|https://www.uni-giessen.de/de/fbz/fb08/Inst/bioinformatik/software/EDGAR]]; e.g., //X. oryzae// pvs. //oryzae// and //oryzicola//, //X. citri// pvs. //citri//, //malvacearum//, //fuscans// and //glycines//, //X. euvesicatoria// pvs. //euvesicatoria// and //perforans//, //X. campestris//, //X. hortorum// pv. //gardneri//, //X. fragariae//, //X. translucens//, //X. vesicatoria//). In addition to the taxa above, BLAST against the GenBank nt database also shows matches to //X. arboricola// and //X. hyacinthi//.
  
 === In other plant pathogens/symbionts === === In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
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 ===== References ===== ===== References =====
  
-Cai XL, Zhang W, Yu H, Wen YQ, Feng JY (2024). The //Xanthomonas fragariae// effector XopK suppresses stomatal immunity by perturbing abscisic acid accumulation and ABA-transciptional responses in strawberry. Plant Physiol. Biochem., in press. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109368|10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109368]]+Cai XL, Zhang W, Yu H, Wen YQ, Feng JY (2024). The //Xanthomonas fragariae// effector XopK suppresses stomatal immunity by perturbing abscisic acid accumulation and ABA-transciptional responses in strawberry. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 219: 109368 . DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109368|10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109368]]
  
 Furutani A, Nakayama T, Ochiai H, Kaku H, Kubo Y, Tsuge S (2006). Identification of novel HrpXo regulons preceded by two //cis//-acting elements, a plant-inducible promoter box and a -10 box-like sequence, from the genome database of //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. oryzae. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 259: 133-141. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00265.x|10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00265.x]] Furutani A, Nakayama T, Ochiai H, Kaku H, Kubo Y, Tsuge S (2006). Identification of novel HrpXo regulons preceded by two //cis//-acting elements, a plant-inducible promoter box and a -10 box-like sequence, from the genome database of //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. oryzae. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 259: 133-141. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00265.x|10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00265.x]]
bacteria/t3e/xopk.1739449873.txt.gz · Last modified: 2025/02/13 12:31 by jfpothier

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