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bacteria:t3e:xopk [2023/05/22 11:54] – [XopK] rkoebnikbacteria:t3e:xopk [2025/03/31 15:54] (current) – [Biological function] rkoebnik
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-====== XopK ======+====== The Type III Effector XopK from //Xanthomonas// ======
  
-Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joel_Pothier2|Joël F. Pothier]] & Trainees from the 2<sup>nd</sup>  EuroXanth Training School ([[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Amandine_Cunty|Amandine Cunty]], [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Filip_Gazdik|Filip Gazdik]], [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leonor_Martins|Leonor Martins]], Cinzia Van Malderghem, Esther Van Veen)\\+Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joel_Pothier2|Joël F. Pothier]] & Trainees from the 2<sup>nd</sup> EuroXanth Training School ([[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Amandine_Cunty|Amandine Cunty]], [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Filip_Gazdik|Filip Gazdik]], [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leonor_Martins|Leonor Martins]], Cinzia Van Malderghem, Esther Van Veen)\\
 Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alexandre_Menezes6|Alexandre B. de Menezes]]\\ Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alexandre_Menezes6|Alexandre B. de Menezes]]\\
 Expert reviewer: Rebecca Bart Expert reviewer: Rebecca Bart
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 Class: XopK\\ Class: XopK\\
 Family: XopK\\ Family: XopK\\
-Prototype: XOO1669 (//Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//; strain T7174R)\\+Prototype: XOO1669 (//Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//; strain T7174)\\
 GenBank ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/BAE68424.1|BAE68424.1]] (845 aa)\\ GenBank ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/BAE68424.1|BAE68424.1]] (845 aa)\\
 RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_027703763.1|WP_027703763.1]] (843 aa)\\ RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_027703763.1|WP_027703763.1]] (843 aa)\\
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 === Phenotypes === === Phenotypes ===
  
-  * Deletion of XopK has been shown not to affect the virulence of //X. oryzae//  pv. //oryzae//  PXO99A in rice IR24 plants; these differential results could be attributed to different genotypes of the rice cultivar or field conditions for plant growth (Song & Yang, 2010).+  * Deletion of XopK has been shown not to affect the virulence of //X. oryzae//  pv. //oryzae//  (//Xoo//) PXO99<sup>A</sup>   in rice IR24 plants; these differential results could be attributed to different genotypes of the rice cultivar or field conditions for plant growth (Song & Yang, 2010).
   * A ∆//xopK//  mutant strain of //Xanthomonas phaseoli//  pv. //manihotis//  (aka //Xanthomonas axonopodis//  pv. //manihotis//) exhibited enhanced induction of disease symptoms in cassava at the site of inoculation but reduced spread through the vasculature (Mutka //et al.//, 2016).   * A ∆//xopK//  mutant strain of //Xanthomonas phaseoli//  pv. //manihotis//  (aka //Xanthomonas axonopodis//  pv. //manihotis//) exhibited enhanced induction of disease symptoms in cassava at the site of inoculation but reduced spread through the vasculature (Mutka //et al.//, 2016).
-  * XopK inhibits pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity upstream of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades (Qin //et al.//, 2018)+  * XopK<sub>//Xoo// </sub>  inhibits pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity upstream of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades (Qin //et al.//, 2018) 
 +  * Transgenic strawberries expressing XopK exhibit increased susceptibility to //Xanthomonas fragariae//  strain YL19, and this was associated with weakened stomatal immunity. Additionally, abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation and signaling were significantly suppressed in XopK-overexpressing strawberry plants. Overexpression of XopK also inhibited ABA- and methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced stomatal closure in strawberry leaves. Moreover, endogenous ABA is critical for //X. fragariae//-induced stomatal closure. These results suggested that //X. fragariae//  strain YL19 uses XopK to suppress ABA signaling to disrupt stomatal closure allowing bacterial colonization for disease development (Cai //et al.//, 2025).
  
 === Localization === === Localization ===
  
-The XopK sequence contains 54% hydrophobic residues and several predicted transmembrane domains. Thus, it is possible this protein is associated with host cell membranes following secretion (Mutka //et al//., 2016)+The XopK sequence contains 54% hydrophobic residues and several predicted transmembrane domains. Thus, it is possible that this protein is associated with host cell membranes following secretion (Mutka //et al//., 2016)
  
 === Enzymatic function === === Enzymatic function ===
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 === Interaction partners === === Interaction partners ===
  
-XopK interacted with and directly ubiquitinated rice somatic embryogenic receptor kinase 2 (OsSERK2), resulting in its degradation (Qin //et al//., 2018)+XopK<sub>//Xoo// </sub>  interacted with and directly ubiquitinated rice somatic embryogenic receptor kinase 2 (OsSERK2), resulting in its degradation (Qin //et al//., 2018)
  
 ===== Conservation ===== ===== Conservation =====
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 === In xanthomonads === === In xanthomonads ===
  
-Yes (based on EDGAR; e.g., //X. oryzae//  pvs. oryzae and oryzicola, //X. citri//  pvs. citri, malvacearum, fuscans and glycines, //X. euvesicatoria//, //X. perforans//, //X. campestris//, //X. cynarae//  pv. gardneri, //X. fragariae//, //X. translucens//, //X. vesicatoria//). In addition to the taxa above, BLAST against the GenBank nt database also shows matches to// X. arboricola, X. hortorum, X. hyacinthi//. +Yes (based on EDGAR [[https://www.uni-giessen.de/de/fbz/fb08/Inst/bioinformatik/software/EDGAR|https://www.uni-giessen.de/de/fbz/fb08/Inst/bioinformatik/software/EDGAR]]; e.g., //X. oryzae// pvs. //oryzae// and //oryzicola//, //X. citri// pvs. //citri//, //malvacearum//, //fuscans// and //glycines//, //X. euvesicatoria// pvs. //euvesicatoria// and //perforans//, //X. campestris//, //X. hortorum// pv. //gardneri//, //X. fragariae//, //X. translucens//, //X. vesicatoria//). In addition to the taxa above, BLAST against the GenBank nt database also shows matches to //X. arboricola// and //X. hyacinthi//.
 === In other plant pathogens/symbionts === === In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
  
-Yes (e.g., //Acidovorax//  spp. with 42% AAI). BLAST against GenBank nt DB suggests that //Acidovorax s//pp. is the only group in which this gene may be present outside Xanthomonadaceae.+Yes (e.g., //Acidovorax// spp. with 42% AAI). BLAST against GenBank nt DB suggests that //Acidovorax// spp. is the only group in which this gene may be present outside Xanthomonadaceae.
  
 ===== References ===== ===== References =====
  
-Furutani A, Nakayama T, Ochiai H, Kaku H, Kubo Y, Tsuge S (2006). Identification of novel HrpXo regulons preceded by two //cis//-acting elements, a plant-inducible promoter box and a -10 box-like sequence, from the genome database of //Xanthomonas oryzae//  pv. oryzae. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 259: 133-141. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00265.x|10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00265.x]]+Cai XL, Zhang W, Yu H, Wen YQ, Feng JY (2024). The //Xanthomonas fragariae// effector XopK suppresses stomatal immunity by perturbing abscisic acid accumulation and ABA-transciptional responses in strawberry. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 
 + <font 11.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>219: 109368</font> . DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109368|10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109368]]
  
-Furutani A, Takaoka M, Sanada H, Noguchi Y, Oku T, Tsuno K, Ochiai H, Tsuge S (2009). Identification of novel type III secretion effectors in //Xanthomonas oryzae//  pv. //oryzae//. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 22: 96-106. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-22-1-0096|10.1094/MPMI-22-1-0096]]+Furutani A, Nakayama T, Ochiai H, Kaku H, Kubo Y, Tsuge S (2006). Identification of novel HrpXo regulons preceded by two //cis//-acting elements, a plant-inducible promoter box and a -10 box-like sequence, from the genome database of //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. oryzae. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 259: 133-141. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00265.x|10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00265.x]]
  
-Liu Y, Long J, Shen D, Song C (2016). //Xanthomonas oryzae//  pv. //oryzae//  requires H-NS-family protein XrvC to regulate virulence during rice infection. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 363: fnw067. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnw067|10.1093/femsle/fnw067]]+Furutani A, Takaoka M, Sanada H, Noguchi Y, Oku T, Tsuno K, Ochiai H, Tsuge S (2009). Identification of novel type III secretion effectors in //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 22: 96-106. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-22-1-0096|10.1094/MPMI-22-1-0096]] 
 + 
 +Liu Y, Long J, Shen D, Song C (2016). //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// requires H-NS-family protein XrvC to regulate virulence during rice infection. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 363: fnw067. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnw067|10.1093/femsle/fnw067]]
  
 Mutka AM, Fentress SJ, Sher SW, Berry JC, Pretz C, Nusinow DA, Bart R (2016). Quantitative, image-based phenotyping methods provide insight into spatial and temporal dimensions of plant disease. Plant Physiol. 172: 650-660. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.16.00984|10.1104/pp.16.00984]] Mutka AM, Fentress SJ, Sher SW, Berry JC, Pretz C, Nusinow DA, Bart R (2016). Quantitative, image-based phenotyping methods provide insight into spatial and temporal dimensions of plant disease. Plant Physiol. 172: 650-660. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.16.00984|10.1104/pp.16.00984]]
  
-Qin J, Zhou X, Sun L, Wang K, Yang F, Liao H, Rong W, Yin J, Chen H, Chen X, Zhang J (2018). The //Xanthomonas//  effector XopK harbours E3 ubiquitin-ligase activity that is required for virulence. New Phytol. 220: 219-231. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15287|10.1111/nph.15287]]+Qin J, Zhou X, Sun L, Wang K, Yang F, Liao H, Rong W, Yin J, Chen H, Chen X, Zhang J (2018). The //Xanthomonas// effector XopK harbours E3 ubiquitin-ligase activity that is required for virulence. New Phytol. 220: 219-231. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15287|10.1111/nph.15287]] 
 + 
 +Schulze S, Kay S, Büttner D, Egler M, Eschen-Lippold L, Hause G, Krüger A, Lee J, Müller O, Scheel D, Szczesny R, Thieme F, Bonas U (2012). Analysis of new type III effectors from //Xanthomonas// uncovers XopB and XopS as suppressors of plant immunity. New Phytol. 195: 894-911. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04210.x|10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04210.x]] 
 + 
 +Song C, Yang B (2010). Mutagenesis of 18 type III effectors reveals virulence function of XopZ<sub>PXO99</sub> in //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. oryzae. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 23: 893-902. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-23-7-0893|10.1094/MPMI-23-7-0893]]
  
-Schulze S, Kay S, Büttner D, Egler M, Eschen-Lippold L, Hause G, Krüger A, Lee J, Müller O, Scheel D, Szczesny R, Thieme F, Bonas U (2012). Analysis of new type III effectors from //Xanthomonas//  uncovers XopB and XopS as suppressors of plant immunity. New Phytol. 195: 894-911. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04210.x|10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04210.x]]+===== Acknowledgements =====
  
-Song C, Yang B (2010). Mutagenesis of 18 type III effectors reveals virulence function of XopZ<sub>PXO99</sub>  in //Xanthomonas oryzae//  pv. oryzae. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 23: 893-902. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-23-7-0893|10.1094/MPMI-23-7-0893]]+This fact sheet is based upon work from COST Action CA16107 EuroXanth, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).
  
bacteria/t3e/xopk.1684752861.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/05/22 11:54 by rkoebnik

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