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--- bacteria:t3e:xopj4 [2025/02/13 11:48] – jfpothier
+++ bacteria:t3e:xopj4 [2025/07/24 22:36] (current) – jfpothier
@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Katarina_Gasic|Katarina Gašić]]\\
-Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Daiva_Burokiene|Daiva Burokienė]]
+Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Daiva_Burokiene|Daiva Burokienė]]\\
 Class: XopJ\\
@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 An avirulence gene named avrXv4 was isolated by mobilizing a total of 600 clones from a genomic DNA library of the T3 strain 91-118 into the //X. campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// strain ME90, virulent on //L. pennellii//. One cosmid clone, pXcvT3-60 (29-kb insert), induced HR in resistant plants. The avirulent phenotype of pXcvT3-60 was confirmed by comparing growth rates //in planta// and electrolyte leakages among transconjugants carrying a mutated or intact clone with the wild-type T3 strain 91-118. A 1.9-kb DNA fragment contained within a 6.8-kb active subclone was sequenced and was determined to carry an open reading frame of 1,077 bp (Astua-Monge //et al.//, 2000).
 === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
@@ Line 22: / Line 23: @@
 The immune pathway reasponsible for the perception of the //Xanthomonas perforans// effector XopJ4 wa sidentified in the plant //Nicotiana benthamiana//. Transient complemmentation assays were performed to determine the functionality of //xopJ4// gene variants and coimmunoprecipitation assays were used to gain insight into molecular mechanism of the pathway (Schultink //et al.//, 2019).
 === Regulation ===
 Presence of a PIP box (TTCGC-N<sub>15</sub>-TTCGC) (Astua-Monge //et al//., 2000).
 === Phenotypes ===
-AvrXv4 is an avirulence protein in //X. campestris// pv. //vesicatoria //strain 91-118 that induces an //XV//-dependent HR in the wild tomato relative //Lycopersicon pennellii// (Astua-Monge //et al//., 2000; Roden //et al//., 2004; Sharlach //et al//., 2013). AvrXv4-dependent HR also is elicited in //Nicotiana benthamiana// plants when they are infected with //Xanthomonas// strains expressing untagged AvrXv4 and HA-tagged AvrXv4-HA (Roden //et al//., 2004). AvrXv4 recognition by resistant plants requires a functional protease catalytic core, the domain that is conserved in all of the putative YopJ-like cysteine proteases. AvrXv4 expression in planta leads to a reduction in SUMO-modified proteins, demonstrating that AvrXv4 possesses SUMO isopeptidase activity. YopJ-like effector AvrXv4 encodes a type III SUMO protease effector that is active in the cytoplasmic compartment of plant cells (Roden //et al//., 2004).
+AvrXv4 is an avirulence protein in //X. campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// strain 91-118 that induces an //XV//-dependent HR in the wild tomato relative //Lycopersicon pennellii// (Astua-Monge //et al//., 2000; Roden //et al//., 2004; Sharlach //et al//., 2013). AvrXv4-dependent HR also is elicited in //Nicotiana benthamiana// plants when they are infected with //Xanthomonas// strains expressing untagged AvrXv4 and HA-tagged AvrXv4-HA (Roden //et al//., 2004). AvrXv4 recognition by resistant plants requires a functional protease catalytic core, the domain that is conserved in all of the putative YopJ-like cysteine proteases. AvrXv4 expression in planta leads to a reduction in SUMO-modified proteins, demonstrating that AvrXv4 possesses SUMO isopeptidase activity. YopJ-like effector AvrXv4 encodes a type III SUMO protease effector that is active in the cytoplasmic compartment of plant cells (Roden //et al//., 2004).
 //N. benthamiana// ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutants deficient for XopJ4 perception were idetified as having loss of function mutations in the gene encoding the nucleotide binding, leucine rich repeat (NLR) protein NbZAR1. Silecing of a recertor-like cytoplasmic kinase family XII gene, subsequently named XOPJ4 IMMUNITY 2 (JIM2), blocks perception of XopJ4 (Schultink //et al//., 2019).
@@ Line 39: / Line 42: @@
 Because //in planta// expression of AvrXv4 from //X. campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// leads to a reduction of SUMO-conjugated plant proteins, AvrXv4 presumably acts as a SUMO protease on yet unknown plant target proteins (Roden //et al//., 2004).
 === Interaction partners ===
@@ Line 60: / Line 64: @@
 Sharlach M, Dahlbeck D, Liu L, Chiu J, Jiménez-Gómez JM, Kimura S, Koenig D, Maloof JN, Sinha N, Minsavage GV, Jones JB, Stall RE, Staskawicz BJ (2013). Fine genetic mapping of //RXopJ4//, a bacterial spot disease resistance locus from //Solanum pennellii// LA716. Theor. Appl. Genet. 126: 601-609. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-012-2004-6|10.1007/s00122-012-2004-6]]
-Schultink A, Qi T, Bally J, Staskawicz B (2019). Using forward genetics in //Nicotiana benthamiana //to uncover the immune signaling pathway mediating recognition of the //Xanthomonas perforans// effector XopJ4. New Phytol. 221: 1001-1009. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15411|10.1111/nph.15411]]
+Schultink A, Qi T, Bally J, Staskawicz B (2019). Using forward genetics in //Nicotiana benthamiana// to uncover the immune signaling pathway mediating recognition of the //Xanthomonas perforans// effector XopJ4. New Phytol. 221: 1001-1009. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15411|10.1111/nph.15411]]
 Timilsina S, Abrahamian P, Potnis N, Minsavage GV, White FF, Staskawicz BJ, Jones JB, Vallad GE, Goss EM (2016). Analysis of sequenced genomes of //Xanthomonas perforans// identifies candidate targets for resistance breeding in tomato. Phytopathology 106: 1097-1104. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-03-16-0119-FI|10.1094/PHYTO-03-16-0119-FI]]

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