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bacteria:t3e:xopi [2025/02/21 13:08] – [Biological function] rkoebnikbacteria:t3e:xopi [2025/07/04 23:35] (current) – jfpothier
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 ====== The Type III Effector XopI from //Xanthomonas// ====== ====== The Type III Effector XopI from //Xanthomonas// ======
  
-Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joana_Costa12|Joana Costa]] & Trainees from the 2<sup>nd</sup> EuroXanth Training School (Maria Laura Destefanis, [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Katarina_Gasic|Katarina Gašić]], [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/G_Licciardello|Grazia Licciardello]], Tamara Popović)\\ +Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joana_Costa12|Joana Costa]] & Trainees from the 2<sup>nd</sup>  EuroXanth Training School (Maria Laura Destefanis, [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Katarina_Gasic|Katarina Gašić]], [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/G_Licciardello|Grazia Licciardello]], Tamara Popović)\\ 
-Internal reviewer: Isabel Rodrigues+Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Isabel-Rodrigues-12|Isabel Rodrigues]]\\
  
 Class: XopI\\ Class: XopI\\
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 Effector proteins (T3Es) can suppress the plant innate immunity and alter the plant metabolism to the pathogen’s advantage. The T3E XopI was identified in //Xcv// strain 85-10 due to a F-box motif based on the presence of a PIP (pathogen-inducible promoter) box in its promoter region. XopI secretion and translocation was shown during the interaction of //Xcv// with resistant pepper plants (Schulze //et al//., 2012). Moreover, interaction studies in yeast showed that XopI specifically interacts with one out of 21 //Arabidopsis thaliana// Skp1-like proteins (ASK), suggesting that upon infection, XopI integrates into particular Skp1-Cullin-F-box protein (SCF) which target proteins for ubiquitination (Salomon //et al//., 2011). A yeast-two-hybrid screen with XopI as bait identified five proteins, that presumably are involved in the regulation of stomatal movement. Silencing of two of these potential interactors confirmed that they mediate stomatal closure after PAMP treatment in //Nicotiana benthamiana//. In tomato plants, virulence of //xopI// knockout strains is dramatically reduced. The stomatal aperture is as well reduced, suggesting that XopI is essential for //Xcv// entry into the host plant apoplast. Stomata assays with stable xopI transgenic //N. benthamiana// lines showed, that XopI suppresses tomatal closure induced by different treatments, suggesting that XopI maybe affects different pathways of stomatal immunity (Nagel & Bonas, 2018). Effector proteins (T3Es) can suppress the plant innate immunity and alter the plant metabolism to the pathogen’s advantage. The T3E XopI was identified in //Xcv// strain 85-10 due to a F-box motif based on the presence of a PIP (pathogen-inducible promoter) box in its promoter region. XopI secretion and translocation was shown during the interaction of //Xcv// with resistant pepper plants (Schulze //et al//., 2012). Moreover, interaction studies in yeast showed that XopI specifically interacts with one out of 21 //Arabidopsis thaliana// Skp1-like proteins (ASK), suggesting that upon infection, XopI integrates into particular Skp1-Cullin-F-box protein (SCF) which target proteins for ubiquitination (Salomon //et al//., 2011). A yeast-two-hybrid screen with XopI as bait identified five proteins, that presumably are involved in the regulation of stomatal movement. Silencing of two of these potential interactors confirmed that they mediate stomatal closure after PAMP treatment in //Nicotiana benthamiana//. In tomato plants, virulence of //xopI// knockout strains is dramatically reduced. The stomatal aperture is as well reduced, suggesting that XopI is essential for //Xcv// entry into the host plant apoplast. Stomata assays with stable xopI transgenic //N. benthamiana// lines showed, that XopI suppresses tomatal closure induced by different treatments, suggesting that XopI maybe affects different pathways of stomatal immunity (Nagel & Bonas, 2018).
 +
 === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E === === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
  
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 XopI belongs to the translocation class of T3SS-secreted proteins, based on HpaB dependence (Büttner //et al.//, 2006). XopI belongs to the translocation class of T3SS-secreted proteins, based on HpaB dependence (Büttner //et al.//, 2006).
 +
 === Regulation === === Regulation ===
  
 XopI is presumably controlled by both HrpG and HrpX. The HrpX-dependent induction of //xopR// has been described previously (Koebnik //et al.//, 2006). HrpG‐ and HrpX‐dependent co‐regulation with the T3S system. XopI is presumably controlled by both HrpG and HrpX. The HrpX-dependent induction of //xopR// has been described previously (Koebnik //et al.//, 2006). HrpG‐ and HrpX‐dependent co‐regulation with the T3S system.
 +
 === Phenotypes === === Phenotypes ===
  
 Bacterial strains carrying deletions of XopI showed no difference in the induction of disease symptoms and the HR compared with wild-type strain 85-10 (Schulze //et al//., 2012). In tomato plants, virulence of xopI knockout strains is dramatically reduced. The stomatal aperture is as well reduced, suggesting that XopI is essential for Xcv entry into the host plant apoplast Bacterial strains carrying deletions of XopI showed no difference in the induction of disease symptoms and the HR compared with wild-type strain 85-10 (Schulze //et al//., 2012). In tomato plants, virulence of xopI knockout strains is dramatically reduced. The stomatal aperture is as well reduced, suggesting that XopI is essential for Xcv entry into the host plant apoplast
 +
 === Localization === === Localization ===
  
 XopI is translocated by the 85*Δ//hpaB// strain, thus belonging to the class B (Büttner //et al.//, 2006). XopI is translocated by the 85*Δ//hpaB// strain, thus belonging to the class B (Büttner //et al.//, 2006).
 +
 === Enzymatic function === === Enzymatic function ===
  
 The T3Es XopE1, XopF2, XopH, **XopI**, XopM, XopQ, XopV, AvrBs1 and AvrXv4 partially or fully inhibited cell death triggered by at least one of the cell death inducers (Teper //et al.//, 2015). The T3Es XopE1, XopF2, XopH, **XopI**, XopM, XopQ, XopV, AvrBs1 and AvrXv4 partially or fully inhibited cell death triggered by at least one of the cell death inducers (Teper //et al.//, 2015).
 +
 === Interaction partners === === Interaction partners ===
  
bacteria/t3e/xopi.1740143310.txt.gz · Last modified: 2025/02/21 13:08 by rkoebnik

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