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bacteria:t3e:xope3

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bacteria:t3e:xope3 [2024/08/06 14:54] – [The Type III Effector XopE3 from Xanthomonas] rkoebnikbacteria:t3e:xope3 [2025/07/04 23:31] (current) – jfpothier
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 Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jaime_Cubero|Jaime Cubero]]\\ Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jaime_Cubero|Jaime Cubero]]\\
 Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Eran_Bosis|Eran Bosis]]\\ Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Eran_Bosis|Eran Bosis]]\\
-Expert reviewer: [[http://www.iq.usp.br/setubal|João C. Setubal]]+Expert reviewer: [[http://www.iq.usp.br/setubal|João C. Setubal]]\\
  
 Class: XopE\\ Class: XopE\\
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 GenBank ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/AAM38068.1|AAM38068.1]] (356 aa)\\ GenBank ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/AAM38068.1|AAM38068.1]] (356 aa)\\
 RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_011052114.1|WP_011052114.1]] (356 aa)\\ RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_011052114.1|WP_011052114.1]] (356 aa)\\
-Synonym: AvrXacE2 (//Xanthomonas citri //pv. //citri//)\\+Synonym: AvrXacE2 (//Xanthomonas citri// pv. //citri//)\\
 3D structure: Contains a catalytic triad of cysteine, histidine and aspartic acid, and have been grouped with peptide N-glycanases (PNGases, members of the transglutaminase protein superfamily). XopE3 contains N-myristoylation motifs (Dunger //et al//., 2012). 3D structure: Contains a catalytic triad of cysteine, histidine and aspartic acid, and have been grouped with peptide N-glycanases (PNGases, members of the transglutaminase protein superfamily). XopE3 contains N-myristoylation motifs (Dunger //et al//., 2012).
  
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 === How discovered? === === How discovered? ===
  
-The gene coding for XopE3 (avrXacE2) was first identified in the genome annotation of //Xanthomonas citri //subsp. //citri //A306 (da Silva //et al//., 2002).+The gene coding for XopE3 (avrXacE2) was first identified in the genome annotation of //Xanthomonas citri// subsp. //citri// A306 (da Silva //et al//., 2002).
 === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E === === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
  
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 === Regulation === === Regulation ===
  
-avrXacE2 was shown to be regulated by HrpG regulon in X. citri (Guo //et al//., 2011). This effector does not contain PIP box-like sequences.+avrXacE2 was shown to be regulated by HrpG regulon in //X. citri// (Guo //et al//., 2011). This effector does not contain PIP box-like sequences. 
 === Phenotypes === === Phenotypes ===
  
 Lesions caused by mutants of X. citri on avrXacE2 show more extensive necrotic areas relative to those caused by wild-type bacteria in citrus leaves and grow slowly compared to wild type strain. This protein may function to attenuate cell death. No effect has been revealed on hypersensitive response (HR) on non-host plants (Dunger //et al//., 2012). Lesions caused by mutants of X. citri on avrXacE2 show more extensive necrotic areas relative to those caused by wild-type bacteria in citrus leaves and grow slowly compared to wild type strain. This protein may function to attenuate cell death. No effect has been revealed on hypersensitive response (HR) on non-host plants (Dunger //et al//., 2012).
 +
 === Localization === === Localization ===
  
 Confocal microscopy imaging of //N. benthamiana// cells expressing avrXacE2-GFP fusion shows a localization mainly in the plant cell membrane and in the nucleus (Dunger //et al//., 2012). Confocal microscopy imaging of //N. benthamiana// cells expressing avrXacE2-GFP fusion shows a localization mainly in the plant cell membrane and in the nucleus (Dunger //et al//., 2012).
 +
 === Enzymatic function === === Enzymatic function ===
  
 XopE3 belongs to the HopX effector family, which is part of the transglutaminase superfamily (Nimchuk //et al//., 2007). XopE3 belongs to the HopX effector family, which is part of the transglutaminase superfamily (Nimchuk //et al//., 2007).
 +
 === Interaction partners === === Interaction partners ===
  
-In //X. citri //subsp. //citri //A306 the gene coding for XopE3 is in a region hypothesized to be a genomic island (Moreira //et al.//, 2010). This region or parts of it are conserved in many Xanthomonas strains, as shown by a genomic neighborhood search in the Integrated Microbial Genomes platform. In particular, in this search gene XAC3225 is nearly always adjacent to XAC3224 (//xopE3//), suggesting that the protein coded by XAC3225 is an interaction partner of XopE3. Moreira //et al.// (2010) commented on this as follows: "Next to //xopE3// (XAC3224) we find gene XAC3225, whose product is annotated as tranglycosylase //mltB//. This gene has strong similarity (e-value 10<sup>-133</sup>  , 100% coverage) to //hopAJ1// from //P. syringae// pv. //tomato// strain DC3000, where it is annotated as a T3SS helper protein. Although the //hopAJ1// gene is not itself a T3SS substrate, it contributes to effector translocation (Oh //et al.//, 2007). A mutant with a deletion of XAC3225 has reduced ability to cause canker (mutant phenotypes include a reduction in water soaking, hyperplasia, and necrosis compared to wild type) (Laia //et al.//, 2009)".+In //X. citri// subsp. //citri// A306 the gene coding for XopE3 is in a region hypothesized to be a genomic island (Moreira //et al.//, 2010). This region or parts of it are conserved in many //Xanthomonas// strains, as shown by a genomic neighborhood search in the Integrated Microbial Genomes platform. In particular, in this search gene XAC3225 is nearly always adjacent to XAC3224 (//xopE3//), suggesting that the protein coded by XAC3225 is an interaction partner of XopE3. Moreira //et al.// (2010) commented on this as follows: "Next to //xopE3// (XAC3224) we find gene XAC3225, whose product is annotated as tranglycosylase //mltB//. This gene has strong similarity (e-value 10<sup>-133</sup>, 100% coverage) to //hopAJ1// from //P. syringae// pv. //tomato// strain DC3000, where it is annotated as a T3SS helper protein. Although the //hopAJ1// gene is not itself a T3SS substrate, it contributes to effector translocation (Oh //et al.//, 2007). A mutant with a deletion of XAC3225 has reduced ability to cause canker (mutant phenotypes include a reduction in water soaking, hyperplasia, and necrosis compared to wild type) (Laia //et al.//, 2009)".
  
 ===== Conservation ===== ===== Conservation =====
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 Yes (//e.g.//, //X. citri, X. arboricola, X. axonopodis//). Yes (//e.g.//, //X. citri, X. arboricola, X. axonopodis//).
 +
 === In other plant pathogens/symbionts === === In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
  
 Yes (//Ralstonia, Pseudomonas, Acidovorax//). Yes (//Ralstonia, Pseudomonas, Acidovorax//).
 +
 ===== References ===== ===== References =====
  
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 Oh HS, Kvitko BH, Morello JE, Collmer A (2007). //Pseudomonas syringae// lytic transglycosylases coregulated with the type III secretion system contribute to the translocation of effector proteins into plant cells. J. Bacteriol. 189: 8277-8289. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00998-07|10.1128/JB.00998-07]] Oh HS, Kvitko BH, Morello JE, Collmer A (2007). //Pseudomonas syringae// lytic transglycosylases coregulated with the type III secretion system contribute to the translocation of effector proteins into plant cells. J. Bacteriol. 189: 8277-8289. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00998-07|10.1128/JB.00998-07]]
 +
 +===== Acknowledgements =====
 +
 +This fact sheet is based upon work from COST Action CA16107 EuroXanth, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).
  
bacteria/t3e/xope3.1722952491.txt.gz · Last modified: 2024/08/06 14:54 by rkoebnik

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