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bacteria:t3e:xope1 [2024/08/06 14:53] – [The Type III Effector XopE1 from Xanthomonas] rkoebnikbacteria:t3e:xope1 [2025/07/04 23:29] (current) – jfpothier
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 Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jaime_Cubero|Jaime Cubero]]\\ Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jaime_Cubero|Jaime Cubero]]\\
 Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ralf_Koebnik|Ralf Koebnik]]\\ Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ralf_Koebnik|Ralf Koebnik]]\\
-Expert reviewer: **WANTED!** 
  
 Class: XopE\\ Class: XopE\\
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 XopE1 was first identified by sequence homology searches (da Silva //et al//., 2002; Thieme //et al//., 2005). XopE1 was first identified by sequence homology searches (da Silva //et al//., 2002; Thieme //et al//., 2005).
 +
 === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E === === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
  
 XopE1 fused to the AvrBs3 reporter was shown to be secreted into culture supernatants in a //hrcV-//dependent manner (Thieme //et al//., 2007). The same fusion constract was translocated into plant cells in a //hrcV//- and //hrpF//-dependent manner (Thieme //et al//., 2007). XopE1 fused to the AvrBs3 reporter was shown to be secreted into culture supernatants in a //hrcV-//dependent manner (Thieme //et al//., 2007). The same fusion constract was translocated into plant cells in a //hrcV//- and //hrpF//-dependent manner (Thieme //et al//., 2007).
 +
 === Regulation === === Regulation ===
  
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 Transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) and qRT-PCR revealed that //avrXacE1// (//xopE1//) gene expression is downregulated in a //X. citri// pv. //citri// Δ//phoP// mutant, indicating that PhoP is a positive regulator of //xopE1// expression (Wei et al., 2019). Transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) and qRT-PCR revealed that //avrXacE1// (//xopE1//) gene expression is downregulated in a //X. citri// pv. //citri// Δ//phoP// mutant, indicating that PhoP is a positive regulator of //xopE1// expression (Wei et al., 2019).
 +
 === Phenotypes === === Phenotypes ===
  
-//Agrobacterium//-mediated expression of XopE1 triggers a fast cell-death reaction in non host //Nicotiana// plants revealing that XopE1 is recognized by //Nicotiana//. Its membrane localization delays the detection by the plant surveillance system and contributes to inactivate plant immune responses (Thieme //et al//., 2007). XopE1 was associated to different grades of cytotoxicity and intermediate growth inhibition on yeast and caused phenotypes ranging from chlorosis to cell death when transiently expressed via //Agrobacterium// in either host or non-host plants (Salomon //et al//., 2011; Adlung //et al//., 2016). XopE1 mutants grew to equivalent titers as wild-type //X. euvesicatoria// in tomato leaves indicating that is not required for bacterial multiplication in planta. However, XopE1 was found to be required to suppress chlorosis and tissue collapse at very late stages of //Xanthomonas// infection. XopE1 together with XopE2 and XopO may function redundantly to inhibit //X//. //euvesicatoria//-induced chlorosis in tomato leaves (Dubrow //et al//., 2018).+//Agrobacterium//-mediated expression of XopE1 triggers a fast cell-death reaction in non host //Nicotiana// plants revealing that XopE1 is recognized by //Nicotiana//. Its membrane localization delays the detection by the plant surveillance system and contributes to inactivate plant immune responses (Thieme //et al//., 2007). XopE1 was associated to different grades of cytotoxicity and intermediate growth inhibition on yeast and caused phenotypes ranging from chlorosis to cell death when transiently expressed via //Agrobacterium// in either host or non-host plants (Salomon //et al//., 2011; Adlung //et al//., 2016). XopE1 mutants grew to equivalent titers as wild-type //X. euvesicatoria// in tomato leaves indicating that is not required for bacterial multiplication //in planta//. However, XopE1 was found to be required to suppress chlorosis and tissue collapse at very late stages of //Xanthomonas// infection. XopE1 together with XopE2 and XopO may function redundantly to inhibit //X//. //euvesicatoria//-induced chlorosis in tomato leaves (Dubrow //et al//., 2018). 
 === Localization === === Localization ===
  
 XopE1 fused to GFP reporter in a binary vector under control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and transiently expressed in //Nicotiana benthamiana// leaves, using //Agrobacterium-//mediated gene transfer, allowed to observe XopE1::GFP to be confined to the periphery of the cells and being not detectable in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm. XopE1 fused to GFP reporter in a binary vector under control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and transiently expressed in //Nicotiana benthamiana// leaves, using //Agrobacterium-//mediated gene transfer, allowed to observe XopE1::GFP to be confined to the periphery of the cells and being not detectable in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm.
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 === Enzymatic function === === Enzymatic function ===
  
 XopE1 belongs to the HopX effector family, members of which belong to the transglutaminase superfamily (Nimchuk //et al//., 2007). XopE1 belongs to the HopX effector family, members of which belong to the transglutaminase superfamily (Nimchuk //et al//., 2007).
 +
 === Interaction partners === === Interaction partners ===
  
 XopE1 was found to physically interact with tomato 14-3-3s (TFT) (Dubrow //et al.//, 2018). In addition, XopE1 was predicted to interact with VirK, which is secreted by the T2SS and for which a possible role in the modulation of plant immune response during the infection process was suggested (Assis //et al//., 2017). XopE1 was found to physically interact with tomato 14-3-3s (TFT) (Dubrow //et al.//, 2018). In addition, XopE1 was predicted to interact with VirK, which is secreted by the T2SS and for which a possible role in the modulation of plant immune response during the infection process was suggested (Assis //et al//., 2017).
 +
 ===== Conservation ===== ===== Conservation =====
  
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 Yes (//e.g.//, //X. alfalfa, X. citri, X. euvesicatoria//, //X. phaseoli//). Yes (//e.g.//, //X. alfalfa, X. citri, X. euvesicatoria//, //X. phaseoli//).
 +
 === In other plant pathogens/symbionts === === In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
  
 Yes (//Acidovorax// spp., //Pseudomonas// spp., //Ralstonia// //solanacearum//; more distant homologs in rhizobia). Yes (//Acidovorax// spp., //Pseudomonas// spp., //Ralstonia// //solanacearum//; more distant homologs in rhizobia).
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 ===== References ===== ===== References =====
  
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 Wei C, Ding T, Chang C, Yu C, Li X, Liu Q (2019). Global regulator PhoP is necessary for motility, biofilm formation, exoenzyme production and virulence of //Xanthomonas citri// subsp. //citri// on citrus plants. Genes 10: 340. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10050340|10.3390/genes10050340]] Wei C, Ding T, Chang C, Yu C, Li X, Liu Q (2019). Global regulator PhoP is necessary for motility, biofilm formation, exoenzyme production and virulence of //Xanthomonas citri// subsp. //citri// on citrus plants. Genes 10: 340. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10050340|10.3390/genes10050340]]
 +
 +===== Acknowledgements =====
 +
 +This fact sheet is based upon work from COST Action CA16107 EuroXanth, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).
  
bacteria/t3e/xope1.1722952429.txt.gz · Last modified: 2024/08/06 14:53 by rkoebnik

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