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--- bacteria:t3e:xope1 [2020/07/01 11:03] – old revision restored (2020/07/01 12:00) rkoebnik
+++ bacteria:t3e:xope1 [2025/01/27 22:43] (current) – [Biological function] jfpothier
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== XopE1 ======
+====== The Type III Effector XopE1 from //Xanthomonas// ======
-Author: Jaime Cubero\\
+Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jaime_Cubero|Jaime Cubero]]\\
-Internal reviewer: Ralf Koebnik\\
+Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ralf_Koebnik|Ralf Koebnik]]
-Expert reviewer: FIXME
 Class: XopE\\
 Family: XopE1\\
-Prototype: XCV0294 (//Xanthomonas euvesicatoria// pv. //euvesicatoria// aka //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vescicatoria//; strain 85-10)\\
+Prototype: XCV0294 (//Xanthomonas euvesicatoria// pv. //euvesicatoria//, ex //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria//; strain 85-10)\\
-RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/CAJ21925.1|CAJ21925.1]] (400 aa)\\
+GenBank ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/CAJ21925.1|CAJ21925.1]] (400 aa)\\
+RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_011345998.1|WP_011345998.1]] (400 aa)\\
 Synonym: AvrXacE1 (//Xanthomonas citri// pv. //citri//)\\
-D structure: Myr motif at their extreme N-terminus.
+D structure: Myristoylation motif at the extreme N terminus (Thieme //et al.//, 2007).
 ===== Biological function =====
@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
-XopE1 fused to the AvrBs3 reporter was shown to be secreted into culture supernatants in a //hrcV-//dependent manner (Thieme //et al//., 2007).  The same fusion constract was translocated into plant cells in a //hrcV//- and //hrpF//-dependent manner (Thieme //et al//., 2007).
+XopE1 fused to the AvrBs3 reporter was shown to be secreted into culture supernatants in a //hrcV-//dependent manner (Thieme //et al//., 2007). The same fusion constract was translocated into plant cells in a //hrcV//- and //hrpF//-dependent manner (Thieme //et al//., 2007).
 === Regulation ===
 Using RT-PCR analyses, XopE1 from //X. euvesicatoria// was found to be upregulated by HrpG and HrpX (Thieme //et al//., 2007). The promoter of xopE1<sub>XCV85-10</sub> contains a PIP BOX (Thieme //et al//., 2007).
+Transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) and qRT-PCR revealed that //avrXacE1// (//xopE1//) gene expression is downregulated in a //X. citri// pv. //citri// Δ//phoP// mutant, indicating that PhoP is a positive regulator of //xopE1// expression (Wei et al., 2019).
 === Phenotypes ===
-//Agrobacterium//-mediated expression of XopE1 triggers a fast cell-death reaction in non host Nicotiana plants revealing that XopE1 is recognized by Nicotiana. Its membrane localization delays the detection by the plant surveillance system and contribute to inactivate plant immune responses (Thieme //et al//., 2007). XopE1 was associated to different grades of citotoxicity and intermediate growth inhibition on yeast and cause phenotypes ranging from chlorosis to cell death when transiently expressed via //Agrobacterium// spp. in either host or non host plants (Salomon //et al//., 2011; Adlung //et al//., 2016). XopE1 mutants grow to equivalent titers as wild type //X. euvesicatoria// in tomato leaves indicating that is not required for bacterial multiplication in planta. XopE1 however is required to suppress chlorosis and tissue collapse at very late stages of //Xanthomonas// infection. XopE1 together with XopE2 and XopO may function redundantly to inhibit //X//. //euvesicatoria// induced chlorosis in tomato leaves (Dubrow //et al//., 2018).
+//Agrobacterium//-mediated expression of XopE1 triggers a fast cell-death reaction in non host //Nicotiana// plants revealing that XopE1 is recognized by //Nicotiana//. Its membrane localization delays the detection by the plant surveillance system and contributes to inactivate plant immune responses (Thieme //et al//., 2007). XopE1 was associated to different grades of cytotoxicity and intermediate growth inhibition on yeast and caused phenotypes ranging from chlorosis to cell death when transiently expressed via //Agrobacterium// in either host or non-host plants (Salomon //et al//., 2011; Adlung //et al//., 2016). XopE1 mutants grew to equivalent titers as wild-type //X. euvesicatoria// in tomato leaves indicating that is not required for bacterial multiplication //in planta//. However, XopE1 was found to be required to suppress chlorosis and tissue collapse at very late stages of //Xanthomonas// infection. XopE1 together with XopE2 and XopO may function redundantly to inhibit //X//. //euvesicatoria//-induced chlorosis in tomato leaves (Dubrow //et al//., 2018).
 === Localization ===
-XopE1 fused to gfp in a binary vector under control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter expressed in //Nicotiana Benthamiana// leaves, using //Agrobacterium-//mediated gene transfer, allowed to localize XopE1::GFP confined to the periphery of the cells being not detectable in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm.
+XopE1 fused to GFP reporter in a binary vector under control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and transiently expressed in //Nicotiana benthamiana// leaves, using //Agrobacterium-//mediated gene transfer, allowed to observe XopE1::GFP to be confined to the periphery of the cells and being not detectable in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm.
 === Enzymatic function ===
-XopE1 belongs to the HopX effector family, which are part of the transglutaminase superfamily (Nichmuk //et al//., 2007).
+XopE1 belongs to the HopX effector family, members of which belong to the transglutaminase superfamily (Nimchuk //et al//., 2007).
 === Interaction partners ===
-XopE1 was found to physically interact with tomato 14-3-3s (TFT) and is also associated to VirK secreted by T2SS and with a possible role in the modulation of plant immune response during the infection process (Assis //et al//., 2017).
+XopE1 was found to physically interact with tomato 14-3-3s (TFT) (Dubrow //et al.//, 2018). In addition, XopE1 was predicted to interact with VirK, which is secreted by the T2SS and for which a possible role in the modulation of plant immune response during the infection process was suggested (Assis //et al//., 2017).
 ===== Conservation =====
 === In xanthomonads ===
-Yes (//e.g.//, //X. citri, X. campestris, X. phaseoli, X. alfalfa, X. euvesicatoria//).\\
+Yes (//e.g.//, //X. alfalfa, X. citri, X. euvesicatoria//, //X. phaseoli//).
 === In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
-Yes (//Pseudomonas//, //Ralstonia//).
+Yes (//Acidovorax// spp., //Pseudomonas// spp., //Ralstonia// //solanacearum//; more distant homologs in rhizobia).
 ===== References =====
@@ Line 61: / Line 62: @@
 Thieme F, Szczesny R, Urban A, Kirchner O, Hause G, Bonas U (2007). New type III effectors from //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. vesicatoria trigger plant reactions dependent on a conserved N-myristoylation motif. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 20: 1250-1261. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-20-10-1250|10.1094/MPMI-20-10-1250]]
+Wei C, Ding T, Chang C, Yu C, Li X, Liu Q (2019). Global regulator PhoP is necessary for motility, biofilm formation, exoenzyme production and virulence of //Xanthomonas citri// subsp. //citri// on citrus plants. Genes 10: 340. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10050340|10.3390/genes10050340]]
+===== Acknowledgements =====
+This fact sheet is based upon work from COST Action CA16107 EuroXanth, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).

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