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--- bacteria:t3e:xopc [2025/12/18 09:52] – jfpothier
+++ bacteria:t3e:xopc [2026/06/22 12:09] (current) – [Biological function] rkoebnik
@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 Translocation of the XopC::AvrBs3 chimeric protein was independent of the export control protein, HpaC (Büttner //et al//., 2006).
 === Regulation ===
 The //xopC// gene was shown to be expressed in a //hrpG//- and //hrpX//-dependent manner. No PIP box was identified in the promoter region (Noël //et al//., 2001; Noël //et al//., 2003).
-qRT-PCR revealed that transcript levels of 15 out of 18 tested non-TAL effector genes (as well as the regulatory genes //hrpG// and //hrpX//), including //xopC//, were significantly reduced in the //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// Δ//xrvC// mutant compared with those in the wild-type strain PXO99<sup>A</sup> (Liu //et al.//, 2016).
+qRT-PCR revealed that transcript levels of 15 out of 18 tested non-TAL effector genes (as well as the regulatory genes //hrpG// and //hrpX//), including //xopC//, were significantly reduced in the //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// Δ//xrvC// mutant compared with those in the wild-type strain PXO99<sup>A</sup>  (Liu //et al.//, 2016).
 === Phenotypes ===
-  * A deletion of //xopC// did not affect pathogenicity or bacterial growth in plants (Noël //et al//., 2003).
+  * A deletion of //xopC//  did not affect pathogenicity or bacterial growth in plants (Noël //et al//., 2003).
-  * Roden et al. did not find significant growth defects of a //Xcv// Δ//xopC// mutant in susceptible pepper and tomato leaves (Roden //et al.//, 2004)
+  * Roden et al. did not find significant growth defects of a //Xcv//  Δ//xopC//  mutant in susceptible pepper and tomato leaves (Roden //et al.//, 2004)
-  * Later, 86 //Solanaceae// lines mainly of the genus //Nicotiana// were screened for phenotypical reactions after //Agrobacterium tumefaciens//-mediated transient expression of 21 different //Xcv// effectors. Transient expression of XopC exclusively induced plant reactions in lines of the genus //Solanum// (Adlung //et al//., 2006). //Xcv// 85-10 strain deleted for //xopC// induced weaker reactions than the wild type in //S. americanum//, which could be complemented by ectopic expression of //xopC//. Deletion of //xopC// did not aﬀect visible reactions in //N. benthamiana// and //N. tabacum// to infection with //Xcv//. Thus, XopC contributes to //Xcv//-induced phenotypes in certain non-host plants (Adlung //et al//., 2006).
+  * Later, 86 //Solanaceae//  lines mainly of the genus //Nicotiana//  were screened for phenotypical reactions after //Agrobacterium tumefaciens//-mediated transient expression of 21 different //Xcv//  effectors. Transient expression of XopC exclusively induced plant reactions in lines of the genus //Solanum//  (Adlung //et al//., 2006). //Xcv//  85-10 strain deleted for //xopC//  induced weaker reactions than the wild type in //S. americanum//, which could be complemented by ectopic expression of //xopC//. Deletion of //xopC//  did not aﬀect visible reactions in //N. benthamiana//  and //N. tabacum//  to infection with //Xcv//. Thus, XopC contributes to //Xcv//-induced phenotypes in certain non-host plants (Adlung //et al//., 2006).
-  * The absence of //xopC// in the genome of //Xcv// led to an accelerated AvrBs1-induced HR in resistant pepper plants, if the plants were additionally stressed by exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA). This phenotype was complemented by //xopC//, but not by a //xopC// derivative carrying a mutation in the predicted HAD-like hydrolase sequence (Herzfeld, 2013).
+  * The absence of //xopC//  in the genome of //Xcv//  led to an accelerated AvrBs1-induced HR in resistant pepper plants, if the plants were additionally stressed by exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA). This phenotype was complemented by //xopC//, but not by a //xopC//  derivative carrying a mutation in the predicted HAD-like hydrolase sequence (Herzfeld, 2013).
-  * Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of OAS-TL in planta abolished the acceleration of AvrBs1-mediated HR formation induced by the absence of //xopC// in //Xcv// in resistant pepper plants dependent on SA. These data suggest, that the induction of the AvrBs1-dependent HR in resistant pepper plants is SA-stress dependently delayed by XopC, which is reliant on a HAD-like hydrolase domain in XopC. This delay is mediated by the XopC plant interaction partner OAS-TL. Furthermore, expression analysis showed an increased accumulation of β-1,3-Glucanase transcript in //Xcv//-infected, resistant pepper plants by the presence of //xopC//. These findings indicated that XopC influences different mechnisms of the plant metabolism (Herzfeld, 2013).
+  * Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of OAS-TL in planta abolished the acceleration of AvrBs1-mediated HR formation induced by the absence of //xopC//  in //Xcv//  in resistant pepper plants dependent on SA. These data suggest, that the induction of the AvrBs1-dependent HR in resistant pepper plants is SA-stress dependently delayed by XopC, which is reliant on a HAD-like hydrolase domain in XopC. This delay is mediated by the XopC plant interaction partner OAS-TL. Furthermore, expression analysis showed an increased accumulation of β-1,3-Glucanase transcript in //Xcv//-infected, resistant pepper plants by the presence of //xopC//. These findings indicated that XopC influences different mechnisms of the plant metabolism (Herzfeld, 2013).
-  * XopC2 of //X. citri// pv. //punicae// was found to contribute to the bacterial blight development on pomegranate fruit plants. Xap //ΔxopC2// was demonstrated to cause reduced the blight lesions when inflitrated on pomegranate leaves, induce defense responses like callose deposition, ROS production and upregulate immune-responsive genes in its natural host plants (Mondal //et al.//, 2020).
+  * XopC2 of //X. citri//  pv. //punicae//  was found to contribute to the bacterial blight development on pomegranate fruit plants. Xap //ΔxopC2//  was demonstrated to cause reduced the blight lesions when inflitrated on pomegranate leaves, induce defense responses like callose deposition, ROS production and upregulate immune-responsive genes in its natural host plants (Mondal //et al.//, 2020).
-  * Ectopic expression of XopC2 was found to promote jasmonate signaling and stomatal opening in transgenic rice plants, which were more susceptible to //X. oryzae// pv. //oryzicola// infection (Wang //et al.//, 2021).
+  * Ectopic expression of XopC2 was found to promote jasmonate signaling and stomatal opening in transgenic rice plants, which were more susceptible to //X. oryzae//  pv. //oryzicola//  infection (Wang //et al.//, 2021).
+  * The small regulatory noncoding RNA (sRNA) Xonc3711 was found to repress production of the DNA-binding protein Xoc_3982 by binding to the xoc_3982 mRNA, and both ChIP-seq and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that Xoc_3982 repressed the transcription of the effector XopC2, which contributes to virulence in //Xoc// <sub>BLS256</sub>  (Wu //et al.//, 2021).
+  * XopC2 from //Xanthomonas phaseoli//  pv. //manihotis//  was found to repress host immune responses in cassava, thus promoting bacterial pathogen infection (Wei //et al.//, 2024).
 === Localization ===
@@ Line 54: / Line 54: @@
 === Interaction partners ===
-Yeast-2-hybrid studies revealed a XopC interactor, which also interacted with XopC //in planta//. The interactor localises to the plant cell cytoplasm and carries typical features of plant cytosolic //O//-acetylserine (thiol)lyases (OAS-TL). It shows OAS-TL activity //in vivo// and //in vitro//. The latter one is enhanced by adding XopC (Herzfeld, 2013).
+Yeast-2-hybrid studies revealed a XopC interactor, which also interacted with XopC //in planta//. The interactor localises to the plant cell cytoplasm and carries typical features of plant cytosolic //O//-acetylserine (thiol)lyases (OAS-TL). It shows OAS-TL activity //in vivo//  and //in vitro//. The latter one is enhanced by adding XopC (Herzfeld, 2013).
+XopC2 from //Xanthomonas phaseoli//  pv. //manihotis//  physically associated with MeHSP90.9 from cassava to inhibit its interaction with MeCPK1 and the corresponding protein phosphorylation by MeCPK1, so as to repress host immune responses and promote bacterial pathogen infection (Wei //et al.//, 2024).
 ===== Conservation =====
@@ Line 93: / Line 94: @@
 Szurek B, Rossier O, Hause G, Bonas U (2002). Type III-dependent translocation of the //Xanthomonas// AvrBs3 protein into the plant cell. Mol. Microbiol. 46: 13-23. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03139.x|10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03139.x]]
-Wang S, Li S, Wang J, Li Q, Xin XF, Zhou S, Wang Y, Li D, Xu J, Luo ZQ, He SY, Sun W (2021). A bacterial kinase phosphorylates OSK1 to suppress stomatal immunity in rice. Nat. Commun.12: 5479. doi: [[https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25748-4|10.1038/s41467-021-25748-4]]
+Wang S, Li S, Wang J, Li Q, Xin XF, Zhou S, Wang Y, Li D, Xu J, Luo ZQ, He SY, Sun W (2021). A bacterial kinase phosphorylates OSK1 to suppress stomatal immunity in rice. Nat. Commun.12: 5479. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25748-4|10.1038/s41467-021-25748-4]]
+Wei Y, Zhu B, Zhang Y, Ma G, Wu J, Tang L, Shi H (2024). CPK1-HSP90 phosphorylation and effector XopC2-HSP90 interaction underpin the antagonism during cassava defense-pathogen infection. New Phytol. 242: 2734-2745. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19739|10.1111/nph.19739]]
+Wu Y, Wang S, Nie W, Wang P, Fu L, Ahmad I, Zhu B, Chen G (2021). A key antisense sRNA modulates the oxidative stress response and virulence in //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzicola//. PLoS Pathog. 17: e1009762. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009762|10.1371/journal.ppat.1009762]]
 ===== Acknowledgements =====

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