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--- bacteria:t3e:xopc [2023/02/17 15:56] – [XopC] rkoebnik
+++ bacteria:t3e:xopc [2025/02/12 23:50] (current) – jfpothier
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== XopC ======
+====== The Type III Effector XopC from //Xanthomonas// ======
 Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alice_Castaing|Alice Boulanger]]\\
-Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ralf_Koebnik|Ralf Koebnik]]\\
+Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ralf_Koebnik|Ralf Koebnik]]
-Expert reviewer: FIXME
 Class: XopC\\
-Family: XopC\\
+Families: XopC1 and XopC2\\
-Prototype: XCV2435 (//Xanthomonas euvesicatoria// pv. //euvesicatoria//, ex //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria//; strain 85-10)\\
+Prototype (XopC1): XCV2435 (//Xanthomonas euvesicatoria// pv. //euvesicatoria//, ex //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria//; strain 85-10)\\
+GenBank ID (XopC1): [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/CAJ24112.1|CAJ24112.1]] (834 aa)\\
+Prototype (XopC2): XOC_1264 (//Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzicola//; strain BLS256)\\
+GenBank ID (XopC2): [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/AEQ95452.1|AEQ95452.1]] (549 aa - likely too short)\\
+GenBank ID (XopC2; strain GX01): [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/QEO98660.1|QEO98660.1]] (596 aa)\\
 RefSeq ID (XopC1): [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_011347616.1|WP_011347616.1]] (834 aa)\\
-RefSeq ID (XopC2): [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_041183113.1|WP_041183113.1]] (412 aa)\\
+RefSeq ID (XopC2): [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_041183113.1|WP_041183113.1]] (412 aa - likely too short)\\
-D structure: Unknown. XopC2 is predicted to be a 661 amino-acids protein with 5 alpha helices and 17 beta strands. It has 21 protein binding and one helical transmembrane region of 18 amino acids (Mondal et al., 2020).
+D structure: Unknown. XopC2 from //Xanthomonas axonopodis// pv. //punicae// is predicted to be a 661 amino-acids protein with 5 alpha helices and 17 beta strands. It has 21 protein binding and one helical transmembrane region of 18 amino acids (Mondal et al., 2020).
 ===== Biological function =====
@@ Line 16: / Line 19: @@
 === How discovered? ===
-XopC was discovered in //X. campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// (//Xcv//) in a cDNA-AFLP screen (Noël //et al//., 2001). XopC was also identified in a genetic screen, using a Tn//5//-based transposon construct harboring the coding sequence for the HR-inducing domain of AvrBs2, but devoid of the effectors' T3SS signal, that was randomly inserted into the genome of //Xcv //strain 85-10. The XopC::AvrBs2 fusion protein triggered a //Bs2//-dependent hypersensitive response (HR) in pepper leaves (Roden //et al//., 2004).
+XopC was discovered in //X. campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// (//Xcv//) in a cDNA-AFLP screen (Noël //et al//., 2001). XopC was also identified in a genetic screen, using a Tn//5//-based transposon construct harboring the coding sequence for the HR-inducing domain of AvrBs2, but devoid of the effectors' T3SS signal, that was randomly inserted into the genome of //Xcv//strain 85-10. The XopC::AvrBs2 fusion protein triggered a //Bs2//-dependent hypersensitive response (HR) in pepper leaves (Roden //et al//., 2004).
 === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
@@ Line 28: / Line 31: @@
 The //xopC// gene was shown to be expressed in a //hrpG//- and //hrpX//-dependent manner. No PIP box was identified in the promoter region (Noël //et al//., 2001; Noël //et al//., 2003).
-qRT-PCR revealed that transcript levels of 15 out of 18 tested non-TAL effector genes (as well as the regulatory genes //hrpG// and //hrpX//), including //xopC//, were significantly reduced in the //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// Δ//xrvC// mutant compared with those in the wild-type strain PXO99<sup>A</sup>  (Liu //et al.//, 2016).
+qRT-PCR revealed that transcript levels of 15 out of 18 tested non-TAL effector genes (as well as the regulatory genes //hrpG// and //hrpX//), including //xopC//, were significantly reduced in the //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// Δ//xrvC// mutant compared with those in the wild-type strain PXO99<sup>A</sup> (Liu //et al.//, 2016).
 === Phenotypes ===
-  * A deletion of //xopC//  did not affect pathogenicity or bacterial growth in plants (Noël //et al//., 2003).
+  * A deletion of //xopC// did not affect pathogenicity or bacterial growth in plants (Noël //et al//., 2003).
-  * Roden et al. did not find significant growth defects of a //Xcv//  Δ//xopC//  mutant in susceptible pepper and tomato leaves (Roden //et al.//, 2004)
+  * Roden et al. did not find significant growth defects of a //Xcv// Δ//xopC// mutant in susceptible pepper and tomato leaves (Roden //et al.//, 2004)
-  * Later, 86 //Solanaceae//  lines mainly of the genus //Nicotiana//  were screened for phenotypical reactions after //Agrobacterium tumefaciens//-mediated transient expression of 21 different //Xcv//  effectors. Transient expression of XopC exclusively induced plant reactions in lines of the genus //Solanum//  (Adlung //et al//., 2006). //Xcv//  85-10 strain deleted for //xopC//  induced weaker reactions than the wild type in //S. americanum//, which could be complemented by ectopic expression of //xopC//. Deletion of //xopC//  did not aﬀect visible reactions in //N. benthamiana//  and //N. tabacum//  to infection with //Xcv//. Thus, XopC contributes to //Xcv//-induced phenotypes in certain non-host plants (Adlung //et al//., 2006).
+  * Later, 86 //Solanaceae// lines mainly of the genus //Nicotiana// were screened for phenotypical reactions after //Agrobacterium tumefaciens//-mediated transient expression of 21 different //Xcv// effectors. Transient expression of XopC exclusively induced plant reactions in lines of the genus //Solanum// (Adlung //et al//., 2006). //Xcv// 85-10 strain deleted for //xopC// induced weaker reactions than the wild type in //S. americanum//, which could be complemented by ectopic expression of //xopC//. Deletion of //xopC// did not aﬀect visible reactions in //N. benthamiana// and //N. tabacum// to infection with //Xcv//. Thus, XopC contributes to //Xcv//-induced phenotypes in certain non-host plants (Adlung //et al//., 2006).
-  * The absence of //xopC//  in the genome of //Xcv//  led to an accelerated AvrBs1-induced HR in resistant pepper plants, if the plants were additionally stressed by exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA). This phenotype was complemented by //xopC//, but not by a //xopC//  derivative carrying a mutation in the predicted HAD-like hydrolase sequence (Herzfeld, 2013).
+  * The absence of //xopC// in the genome of //Xcv// led to an accelerated AvrBs1-induced HR in resistant pepper plants, if the plants were additionally stressed by exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA). This phenotype was complemented by //xopC//, but not by a //xopC// derivative carrying a mutation in the predicted HAD-like hydrolase sequence (Herzfeld, 2013).
-  * Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of OAS-TL in planta abolished the acceleration of AvrBs1-mediated HR formation induced by the absence of //xopC//  in //Xcv//  in resistant pepper plants dependent on SA. These data suggest, that the induction of the AvrBs1-dependent HR in resistant pepper plants is SA-stress dependently delayed by XopC, which is reliant on a HAD-like hydrolase domain in XopC. This delay is mediated by the XopC plant interaction partner OAS-TL. Furthermore, expression analysis showed an increased accumulation of β-1,3-Glucanase transcript in //Xcv//-infected, resistant pepper plants by the presence of //xopC//. These findings indicated that XopC influences different mechnisms of the plant metabolism (Herzfeld, 2013).
+  * Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of OAS-TL in planta abolished the acceleration of AvrBs1-mediated HR formation induced by the absence of //xopC// in //Xcv// in resistant pepper plants dependent on SA. These data suggest, that the induction of the AvrBs1-dependent HR in resistant pepper plants is SA-stress dependently delayed by XopC, which is reliant on a HAD-like hydrolase domain in XopC. This delay is mediated by the XopC plant interaction partner OAS-TL. Furthermore, expression analysis showed an increased accumulation of β-1,3-Glucanase transcript in //Xcv//-infected, resistant pepper plants by the presence of //xopC//. These findings indicated that XopC influences different mechnisms of the plant metabolism (Herzfeld, 2013).
-  * XopC2 of //X. citri //pv. //punicae//  was found to contribute to the bacterial blight development on pomegranate fruit plants. Xap //ΔxopC2//  was demonstrated to cause reduced the blight lesions when inflitrated on pomegranate leaves, induce defense responses like callose deposition, ROS production and upregulate immune-responsive genes in its natural host plants (Mondal //et al.//, 2020).
+  * XopC2 of //X. citri// pv. //punicae// was found to contribute to the bacterial blight development on pomegranate fruit plants. Xap //ΔxopC2// was demonstrated to cause reduced the blight lesions when inflitrated on pomegranate leaves, induce defense responses like callose deposition, ROS production and upregulate immune-responsive genes in its natural host plants (Mondal //et al.//, 2020).
   * Ectopic expression of XopC2 was found to promote jasmonate signaling and stomatal opening in transgenic rice plants, which were more susceptible to //X. oryzae// pv. //oryzicola// infection (Wang //et al.//, 2021).
@@ Line 49: / Line 52: @@
 === Interaction partners ===
-Yeast-2-hybrid studies revealed a XopC interactor, which also interacted with XopC in planta. The interactor localises to the plant cell cytoplasm and carries typical features of plant cytosolic O-acetylserine (thiol)lyases (OAS-TL). It shows OAS-TL activity in vivo and in vitro. The latter one is enhanced by adding XopC (Herzfeld, 2013).
+Yeast-2-hybrid studies revealed a XopC interactor, which also interacted with XopC //in planta//. The interactor localises to the plant cell cytoplasm and carries typical features of plant cytosolic //O//-acetylserine (thiol)lyases (OAS-TL). It shows OAS-TL activity //in vivo// and //in vitro//. The latter one is enhanced by adding XopC (Herzfeld, 2013).
 ===== Conservation =====
@@ Line 58: / Line 61: @@
 The distantly related XopC2 has homologs in //X. citri//, //X. axonopodis//, //X. euvesicatoria//, //X. oryzae//, //X. phaseoli//, and //X. translucens// (BLASTP and TBLASTN performed in June 2020)
 === In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
@@ Line 71: / Line 75: @@
 The distantly related XopC2 has homologs in //X. citri//, //X. axonopodis//, //X. euvesicatoria//, //X. oryzae//, //X. phaseoli//, and //X. translucens// (BLASTP and TBLASTN performed in June 2020)
 === In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
@@ Line 100: / Line 105: @@
 Wang S, Li S, Wang J, Li Q, Xin XF, Zhou S, Wang Y, Li D, Xu J, Luo ZQ, He SY, Sun W (2021). A bacterial kinase phosphorylates OSK1 to suppress stomatal immunity in rice. Nat. Commun.12: 5479. doi: [[https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25748-4|10.1038/s41467-021-25748-4]]
+===== Acknowledgements =====
+This fact sheet is based upon work from COST Action CA16107 EuroXanth, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).

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