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====== The Type III Effector XopBA from //Xanthomonas// ======

Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ralf-Koebnik|Ralf Koebnik]], Anna Passelergue

Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ralf-Koebnik|Ralf Koebnik]]

Class: XopBA\\
Family: XopBA\\
Prototype: XopBA (XopBA
 <font inherit/inherit;;#95a5a6;;inherit><sup>1</sup></font>  ) (//Xanthomonas euvesicatoria// pv. //euvesicatoria//; strain 66b), KM317_RS05475 (XopBA
 <font inherit/inherit;;#95a5a6;;inherit><sup>2</sup></font>  ) (Xanthomonas graminis pv. arrhenatheri; strain LMG 727)\\
RefSeq ID: (XopBA
 <font inherit/inherit;;#95a5a6;;inherit><sup>1</sup></font>  ) [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_227478587.1|WP_227478587.1]] (500 aa),(XopBA
 <font inherit/inherit;;#95a5a6;;inherit><sup>2</sup></font>  ) [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_231108156.1|WP_231108156.1]] (499 aa)\\
3D structure: Unknown

===== Biological function =====

=== How discovered? ===

XopBA
 <font inherit/inherit;;#95a5a6;;inherit><sup>1</sup></font>  was discovered by homology to HopW/HopPmaA in //Pseudomonas syringae// (70% aa sequence identity) and EspW in //Escherichia coli// (30% aa sequence identity) (Stavrinides & Guttman, 2004; Sandu et al., 2017).

XopBA
 <font inherit/inherit;;#95a5a6;;inherit><sup>2</sup></font>  was discovered as an ORF that is encoded downstream of a PIP box and a properly spaced ‐10 promoter motif (TTCGB‐N<sub>15</sub> ‐TTCGB‐N<sub>30–32</sub> ‐YANNNT) (Passelergue, 2025)
=== (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===

XopBA
 <font inherit/inherit;;#95a5a6;;inherit><sup>1</sup></font>  : No evidence.

XopBA
 <font inherit/inherit;;#95a5a6;;inherit><sup>2 </sup></font>  was shown to have a functional type III secretion signal using a reporter fusion with AvrBs1 (Zhao //et al.//, 2013).
=== Regulation ===

XopBA
 <font inherit/inherit;;#95a5a6;;inherit><sup>1</sup></font>  : Unknown.

The presence of a PIP box and a properly spaced ‐10 promoter motif (TTCGB‐N<sub>15</sub> ‐TTCGB‐N<sub>30–32</sub> ‐YANNNT) suggests that the //xopBA<sup>
 <font inherit/inherit;;#95a5a6;;inherit>2</font>  </sup>   //  gene is under control of HrpG and HrpX (Wengelnik & Bonas, 1996; Wengelnik //et al.//, 1996; Koebnik //et al.//, 2006).
=== Phenotypes ===

XopBA <sup>1</sup>  : Ectopic expression of the distant homolog in //E. coli//, EspW, results in formation of unique membrane protrusions (Sandu //et al.//, 2017)
=== Localization ===

XopBA <sup> 1 </sup>  : The distant homolog in //E. coli//, EspW, and Kif15 colocalized in cotransfected cells, while ectopically expressed Kif15 localized to the actin pedestals following EHEC infection (Sandu //et al.//, 2017).
=== Enzymatic function ===

XopBA <sup> 1 </sup>  : The distant homolog in //E. coli//, EspW, modulates actin dynamics in a Rac1-dependent manner (Sandu //et al.//, 2017).
=== Interaction partners ===

XopBA  <sup>1</sup>  : The distant homolog in //E. coli//, EspW, was found to interact with the motor protein Kif15 in a yeast two-hybrid screen (Sandu //et al.//, 2017).
===== Conservation =====

=== In xanthomonads ===

XopBA
 <font inherit/inherit;;#95a5a6;;inherit><sup>1</sup></font>  : Yes (//e.g.//, //X. euvesicatoria, X. citri, X. transclucens, X. vasicola//).

XopBA
 <font inherit/inherit;;#95a5a6;;inherit><sup>2</sup></font>  : Yes (//e.g.//, //X. translucens//, //X. hortorum//, //X. vasicola//, //X. populi//,// X. euvesicatoria//, //X. arboricola//, //X//. //axonopodis//, //X. campestris//, //X. bromi//,// X//. //nasturtii//,// X//.// phaseoli//,// X//.// cissicola//, //X. perforans//,// X//. //hyacinthi//).
=== In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===

XopBA
 <font inherit/inherit;;#95a5a6;;inherit><sup>1</sup></font>  : Yes (//Acidovorax// spp., //Erwinia// spp., //Pseudomonas syringae//).

XopBA
 <font inherit/inherit;;#95a5a6;;inherit><sup>2</sup></font>  : Yes (//e.g.//, //Pseudomonas //spp.,// Erwinia //spp., //Robbsia andropogonis//)
===== References =====

Koebnik R, Krüger A, Thieme F, Urban A, Bonas U (2006). Specific binding of the //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// AraC-type transcriptional activator HrpX to plant-inducible promoter boxes. J. Bacteriol. 188: 7652-7660. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00795-06|10.1128/JB.00795-06]]

Passelergue A (2025). Discovery of eight type III effector genes harboring the PIP box in clade-I xanthomonads. Master's thesis, Université de Montpellier, France.

Sandu P, Crepin VF, Drechsler H, McAinsh AD, Frankel G, Berger CN (2017). The enterohemorrhagic //Escherichia coli// effector EspW triggers actin remodeling in a Rac1-dependent manner. Infect. Immun. 85: e00244-17. doi: [[https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00244-17|10.1128/IAI.00244-17]]

Stavrinides J, Guttman DS (2004). Nucleotide sequence and evolution of the five-plasmid complement of the phytopathogen //Pseudomonas syringae// pv. //maculicola// ES4326. J. Bacteriol. 186: 5101-5115. doi: [[https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.186.15.5101-5115.2004|10.1128/JB.186.15.5101-5115.2004]]

Wengelnik K, Bonas U (1996). HrpXv, an AraC-type regulator, activates expression of five of the six loci in the hrp cluster of //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria//. J. Bacteriol. 178: 3462-3469. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.178.12.3462-3469.1996|10.1128/jb.178.12.3462-3469.1996]]

Wengelnik K, Van den Ackerveken G, Bonas U (1996). HrpG, a key hrp regulatory protein of //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// is homologous to two-component response regulators. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 9: 704-712. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-9-0704|10.1094/mpmi-9-0704]]

Zhao S, Mo WL, Wu F, Tang W, Tang JL, Szurek B, Verdier V, Koebnik R, Feng JX (2013). Identification of non-TAL effectors in //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// Chinese strain 13751 and analysis of their role in the bacterial virulence. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 29: 733-744. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-012-1229-5|10.1007/s11274-012-1229-5]]

===== Acknowledgements =====

This fact sheet is based upon work from COST Action CA16107 EuroXanth, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).
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