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====== The Type III Effector XopAV from //Xanthomonas// ======

Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ralf-Koebnik|Ralf Koebnik]]

Class: XopAV\\
Families: XopAV1, XopAV2\\
Prototypes: XCV1197/XCV1198 (//Xanthomonas euvesicatoria// pv. //euvesicatoria//, ex //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vescicatoria//; strain 85-10) (Teper et al., 2016) and XC_3176 (//Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //campestris//; strain 8004) (Yang et al., 2015)\\
GenBank ID (XCV1197, probably including an N-terminal fragment of XopAV): [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/CAJ22828.1|CAJ22828.1]] (165 aa)\\
GenBank ID (XCV1198, probably including a C-terminal fragment of XopAV): [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/CAJ22829.1|CAJ22829.1]] (129 aa)\\
GenBank ID (XopAV2/XC_3176): [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/AAY50220.1|AAY50220.1]] (244 aa)\\
RefSeq ID (XopAV1): [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_065628638.1|WP_065628638.1]] (258 aa)\\
RefSeq ID (XopAV2): [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_011269951.1|WP_011269951.1]] (249 aa)\\
3D structure: Unknown

===== Biological function =====

=== How discovered? ===

XopAV<sub>Xcv85-10</sub> (XCV1197) was discovered using a machine-learning approach (Teper //et al//., 2016).
=== (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===

XopAV<sub>Xcv85-10</sub> (XCV1197) fused to the AvrBs2 reporter was shown to translocate into plant cells in an //hrpF//-dependent manner (Teper //et al.//, 2016). Similarly, when the promoter and signal region of XopAV<sub>Xcc8004</sub> (XC_3176) were fused to the HR-inducing AvrBs1 C-terminal domain lack of 58 N-terminal amino acid residues, this construct elicited an hypersensitive response on the pepper ECW-10R containing the corresponding resistance gene //Bs1// in an //hrcV//-dependent manner (Yang //et al.//, 2015).
=== Regulation ===

A reporter GUS fusion of XopAV<sub>Xcc8004</sub> (XC_3176) displayed GUS activities, which were significantly lower in the mutant strains Δ//hrpX// and Δ//hrpG// than that in the wild type //X. campestris// pv. //campestris// strain (Yang //et al.//, 2015).
=== Phenotypes ===

XopAV<sub>Xcc8004</sub> (XC_3176) was found to be required for the full virulence of //X. campestris// pv. //campestris// strain 8004 when assayed on Chinese radish by the leaf-clipping method (Yang //et al.//, 2015).
=== Localization ===

Unknown

=== Enzymatic function ===

Unknown

=== Interaction partners ===

Unknown

===== Conservation =====

=== In xanthomonads ===

Yes (//e.g.//, //X. arboricola//, //X. campestris//, //X. euvesicatoria//, //X. fragariae//, //X. hortorum//, //X. translucens//)
=== In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===

No

===== References =====

Teper D, Burstein D, Salomon D, Gershovitz M, Pupko T, Sessa G (2016). Identification of novel //Xanthomonas euvesicatoria// type III effector proteins by a machine-learning approach. Mol. Plant Pathol. 17: 398-411. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12288|10.1111/mpp.12288]]

Yang L, Su H, Yang F, Jian H, Zhou M, Jiang W, Jiang B (2015). Identification of a new type III effector XC3176 in //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //campestris//. Acta Microbiologica Sinica 10: 1264-1272 / Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 55: 1264-1272. PubMed ID: [[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26939454/|26939454]]. {Article in Chinese}
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