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--- bacteria:t3e:xopaq [2020/07/03 08:57] – rkoebnik
+++ bacteria:t3e:xopaq [2025/02/12 23:41] (current) – jfpothier
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== XopAQ ======
+====== The Type III Effector XopAQ from //Xanthomonas// ======
 Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jose_Gadea|Jose Gadea]]\\
-Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Saul_Burdman|Saul Burdman]]\\
+Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Saul_Burdman|Saul Burdman]]
-Expert reviewer: FIXME
 Class: XopAQ\\
 Family: XopAQ\\
-Prototype: XopAQ (//X. gardneri// (Xg); strain 101 = ATCC 19865)\\
+Prototype: XGA_2091 (//Xanthomonas hortorum// pv. //gardneri//, ex. //Xanthomonas gardneri//; strain 101 = ATCC 19865)\\
-GenBank ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/|EGD19295.1]] (95 aa)\\
+GenBank ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/EGD19295.1|EGD19295.1]] (95 aa)\\
+RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_233366621.1|WP_233366621.1]] (93 aa)\\
 D structure: Unknown
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 === How discovered? ===
-XopAQ was discovered by sequencing the genome of the //X. gardneri// (Xg) strain 101 (Potnis //et al//., 2011).
+XopAQ was predicted to be a type 3 effector based on homology to Rip6/11, a type 3 effector from //Ralstonia solanacearum// (Potnis //et al.//, 2011).
 === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
-A functional screen to isolate //Ralstonia solanacearum// genes encoding proteins translocated into plant cells revealed that the genes //rip6 //and //rip11 //encode two new translocated proteins. XopAQ is 60% identical to Rip6 and Rip11. BlastP alignment between XopAQ and Rip6 indicates that the homology is spanned along the whole protein, including the N-terminal part, suggesting that the functional motif that drives translocation in Rip6 is conserved in XopAQ. Translocation assays using a strain deleted in the //hpaB //gene of //Ralstonia// indicates that Rip6 and Rip11 requires HpaB for their effective translocation into plant cells via the Hrp-T3SS (Mukaihara //et al//., 2010). However, to the best of our knowledge, no functional translocation assay has been performed for //Xanthomonas// XopAQ.
+A functional screen to isolate //Ralstonia solanacearum// genes encoding proteins translocated into plant cells revealed that the genes //rip6// and //rip11// encode two new translocated proteins. XopAQ is 60% identical to Rip6 and Rip11. BlastP alignment between XopAQ and Rip6 indicates that the homology is spanned along the whole protein, including the N-terminal part, suggesting that the functional motif that drives translocation in Rip6 is conserved in XopAQ. Translocation assays using a strain deleted in the //hpaB// gene of //Ralstonia// indicates that Rip6 and Rip11 requires HpaB for their effective translocation into plant cells via the Hrp-T3SS (Mukaihara //et al//., 2010). However, to the best of our knowledge, no functional translocation assay has been performed for //Xanthomonas// XopAQ.
 === Regulation ===
-XopAQ is up-regulated when //X.citri// pv. //citri// 306 and //X.citri// pv. //citri// Aw12879 (restricted to Mexican lime) were grown in XVM2 (a medium that is known to induce expression of //hrp// genes and several effector genes in //Xanthomonas //sp.), as compared with nutrient broth (NB). However, no differential expression was observed for this gene among these two strains (Jalan //et al//., 2013). In //X. arboricola //the //xopAQ //gene has a putative plant-inducible promoter box (PIP-BOX) sequence, 67 bp upstream of the TATA box (Garita-Cambronero, 2016).
+The coding sequence of //xopAQ// from //X. gardneri// was found 68 bps downstream of a perfect PIP box (Potnis //et al.//, 2011). Similarly, in //X. arboricola// the //xopAQ// gene has a putative plant-inducible promoter box (PIP-BOX) sequence, 67 bp upstream of the TATA box (Garita-Cambronero, 2016). The //xopAQ X. citri// pv. //citri// 306 and //X. citri// pv. //citri// A<sup>w</sup> 12879 (restricted to Mexican lime) were grown in XVM2 (a medium that is known to induce expression of //hrp// genes and several effector genes in //Xanthomonas// sp.), as compared with nutrient broth (NB). However, no differential expression was observed
+for this gene among these two strains (Jalan //et al.//, 2013).
 === Phenotypes ===
@@ Line 40: / Line 43: @@
 === In xanthomonads ===
-Yes. The effector is widely present in the most agressive citrus canker-causing //X.citri// A strains but also in the AW strain (narrow host range) (Escalon //et al//., 2013; Garita-Cambronero //et al//., 2019), and also in the milder //X. fuscans// B strain, but not in the //X. fuscans// C strain, whic is restricted to //C. aurantifoli// (Dalio //et al//., 2017). Present in //Xanthomonas gardneri// but not in some strains of //X. perforans// nor //X. euvesicatoria// strains affecting pepper and tomato (Potnis //et al//., 2011; Schwartz //et al//., 2015; Vancheva //et al//., 2015; Jibrin //et al//., 2018). Two paralogs of XopAQ are present in strains 66b and LMG 918 of //X. euvesicatoria//, but not present in other LMG strains, 83b, 85-10, or //X. euvesicatoria// pv. //rosa// (Barak //et al//., 2016). Present in pathogenic but not in non-pathogenic// X. arboricola// pv. //pruni// (Garita-Cambronero //et al//., 2016, 2019). Absent in the related //X. juglandis// or //X. corylina// (Garita-Cambronero //et al//., 2018). Also present in //X. citri// pv. //viticola// (Schwartz //et al//., 2015) and other //X. citri// pathovars (blastp analysis). //X. phaseolis// //and X. populi//, among others, posess putative genes encoding proteins with moderate homology to XopAQ based on Blastp analysis.
+Yes. The effector is widely present in the most agressive citrus canker-causing //X.citri// A strains but also in the AW strain (narrow host range) (Escalon //et al//., 2013; Garita-Cambronero //et al//., 2019), and also in the milder //X. fuscans// B strain, but not in the //X. fuscans// C strain, whic is restricted to //C. aurantifoli// (Dalio //et al//., 2017). Present in //Xanthomonas gardneri// but not in some strains of //X. perforans// nor //X. euvesicatoria// strains affecting pepper and tomato (Potnis //et al//., 2011; Schwartz //et al//., 2015; Vancheva //et al//., 2015; Jibrin //et al//., 2018). Two paralogs of XopAQ are present in strains 66b and LMG 918 of //X. euvesicatoria//, but not present in other LMG strains, 83b, 85-10, or //X. euvesicatoria// pv. //rosa// (Barak //et al//., 2016). Present in pathogenic but not in non-pathogenic //X. arboricola// pv. //pruni// (Garita-Cambronero //et al//., 2016, 2019). Absent in the related //X. juglandis// or //X. corylina// (Garita-Cambronero //et al//., 2018). Also present in //X. citri// pv. //viticola// (Schwartz //et al//., 2015) and other //X. citri// pathovars (blastp analysis). //X. phaseolis// //and X. populi//, among others, posess putative genes encoding proteins with moderate homology to XopAQ based on Blastp analysis.
 === In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
@@ Line 73: / Line 76: @@
 Vancheva T, Lefeuvre P, Bogatzevska N, Moncheva P, Koebnik R (2015). Draf genome sequences of two //Xanthomonas euvesicatoria// strains from the Balkan Peninsula. Genome Announc. 3: e01528-14. DOI: [[https://mra.asm.org/content/3/1/e01528-14|10.1128/genomeA.01528-14]]
+===== Acknowledgements =====
+This fact sheet is based upon work from COST Action CA16107 EuroXanth, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).

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