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--- bacteria:t3e:xopam [2023/01/09 10:20] – external edit 127.0.0.1
+++ bacteria:t3e:xopam [2025/02/24 10:31] (current) – jensboch
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== XopAM ======
+====== The Type III Effector XopAM from //Xanthomonas// ======
-Author: John Doe\\
+Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ralf-Koebnik|Ralf Koebnik]]
-Reviewer: Jane Doe
 Class: XopAM\\
 Family: XopAM\\
-Prototype: Xop? (//Xanthomonas//; strain)\\
+Prototype: XopXccR1/XC_3160 (//Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //campestris//; strain 8004) (Jiang //et al.//, 2009)\\
-RefSeq ID:\\
+GenBank ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/AAY50204.1|AAY50204.1]] (2031 aa)\\
+RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_012438997.1|WP_012438997.1]] (2049 aa)\\
 D structure: Unknown
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 === How discovered? ===
+The //xopAM// gene in //X. campstris// pv. //campestris// strain 8004 (Xcc8004) was identified as a candidate T3E due to the presence of a PIP box (TTCGB-N<sub>15</sub>-TTCGB) within the upstream sequence of its putative translational start codon (Jiang //et al.//, 2009).
 === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
+Using the HR-inducing domain AvrBs1<sub>59-445</sub> as a type-3 translocation reporter, the N-terminal region of XopAM<sub>Xcc8004</sub> was found to act as a type 3 secretion signal, since the translational reporter fusion triggered a //Bs1//-specific hypersensitive response in a //hrpF//- and //hpaB//-dependent manner (Jiang //et al.//, 2009).
 === Regulation ===
+Using a promoterless beta-glucuronidase (//gus//) gene as a transcriptional reporter, //xopAM// <sub>Xcc8004</sub> was found to be under control of HrpG and HrpX (Jiang //et al.//, 2009).
 === Phenotypes ===
-Mutagenesis of type III effectors in //X. campestris// pv. //campestris// confirmed that //xopAM// functions as a second avirulence gene on plants of the Arabidopsis Col-0 ecotype (Guy //et al.//, 2013).
+Mutagenesis of type III effectors in //X. campestris// pv. //campestris// (//Xcc//) confirmed that //xopAM// functions as a second avirulence gene on plants of the Arabidopsis Col-0 ecotype (Guy //et al.//, 2013).
+Deletion of //xopAM// from //Xcc// reduced its virulence in cruciferous crops but increased virulence in Arabidopsis (//Arabidopsis thaliana//) Col-0, indicating that XopAM may perform opposite functions depending on the host species (Xie //et al.//, 2023).
 === Localization ===
+XopAM<sub>Xcc</sub> is a lipase that may target the cytomembrane (Xie //et al.//, 2023).
 === Enzymatic function ===
+XopAM<sub>Xcc</sub> is a lipase that may target the cytomembrane and this activity might be enhanced by its membrane-targeted protein XOPAM-ACTIVATED RESISTANCE 1 (AMAR1) in Arabidopsis Col-0 (Xie //et al.//, 2023).
 === Interaction partners ===
+Binding of XopAM<sub>Xcc</sub> to XOPAM-ACTIVATED RESISTANCE 1 (AMAR1) induced an intense hypersensitive response that restricted //Xcc// proliferation (Xie //et al.//, 2023).
 ===== Conservation =====
@@ Line 43: / Line 51: @@
 Mukaihara T, Tamura N, Murata Y, Iwabuchi M (2004). Genetic screening of Hrp type III-related pathogenicity genes controlled by the HrpB transcriptional activator in //Ralstonia solanacearum//. Mol. Microbiol. 54: 863-875. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04328.x|10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04328.x]]
+Xie Q, Wei B, Zhan Z, He Q, Wu K, Chen Y, Liu S, He C, Niu X, Li C, Tang C, Tao J (2023). Arabidopsis membrane protein AMAR1 interaction with type III effector XopAM triggers a hypersensitive response. Plant Physiol. 193: 2768-2787. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiad478|10.1093/plphys/kiad478]]

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