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bacteria:t3e:xopai [2024/12/16 14:38] – [The Type III Effector XopAI from //Xanthomonas//] rkoebnikbacteria:t3e:xopai [2025/07/13 23:25] (current) – jfpothier
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 ====== The Type III Effector XopAI from //Xanthomonas// ====== ====== The Type III Effector XopAI from //Xanthomonas// ======
  
-Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ralf-Koebnik|Ralf Koebnik]]+Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ralf-Koebnik|Ralf Koebnik]]\\
  
 Class: XopAI\\ Class: XopAI\\
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 Based on the complete genome sequence, XopAI (XAC3230) was proposed as a Hrp regulon candidate (da Silva //et al.//, 2002). Based on the complete genome sequence, XopAI (XAC3230) was proposed as a Hrp regulon candidate (da Silva //et al.//, 2002).
  
-Co-regulation of //xopAI// with other HrpG-controlled genes was also proposed by Noël //et al.// (2006) based on the observation that 200 bp of the 5' sequence including promoter and coding regions of //xopE2// (//avrXacE3//) and //xopAI// (XAC3230) from //X. citri //pv. //citri// are more than 85% identical to the corresponding region of //xopJ//, which is a member of the HrpG regulon from //X. euvesicatoria// pv. //euvesicatoria// (ex //X. campestris// pv. //vesicatoria//).+Co-regulation of //xopAI// with other HrpG-controlled genes was also proposed by Noël //et al.// (2006) based on the observation that 200 bp of the 5' sequence including promoter and coding regions of //xopE2// (//avrXacE3//) and //xopAI// (XAC3230) from //X. citri// pv. //citri// are more than 85% identical to the corresponding region of //xopJ//, which is a member of the HrpG regulon from //X. euvesicatoria// pv. //euvesicatoria// (ex //X. campestris// pv. //vesicatoria//).
  
 Based on homology to effectors from //Pseudomonas syringae// and a strongly conserved 43‐amino‐acid N‐terminal domain that is also found in the N‐termini of effectors in class XopE and XopJ, XopAI was proposed to be a T3E (Stavrinides //et al.//, 2006; White //et al.//, 2009). Based on homology to effectors from //Pseudomonas syringae// and a strongly conserved 43‐amino‐acid N‐terminal domain that is also found in the N‐termini of effectors in class XopE and XopJ, XopAI was proposed to be a T3E (Stavrinides //et al.//, 2006; White //et al.//, 2009).
 +
 === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E === === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
  
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 === Regulation === === Regulation ===
  
-Using microarrays, seven T3E genes from //X. citri //pv. //citri// were found to be upregulated in planta, five of which in all the three times investigated, i.e. 24 hpi, 72 hpi and 120 hpi (//xopE1//, //xopN//, //xopK//, //xopE3//, //xopAI//), and the two remaining at the later times of the infectious process (//xopE2// and //xopV//) (de Laia //et al.//, 2019).+Using microarrays, seven T3E genes from //X. citri// pv. //citri// were found to be upregulated in planta, five of which in all the three times investigated, i.e. 24 hpi, 72 hpi and 120 hpi (//xopE1//, //xopN//, //xopK//, //xopE3//, //xopAI//), and the two remaining at the later times of the infectious process (//xopE2// and //xopV//) (de Laia //et al.//, 2019). 
 === Phenotypes === === Phenotypes ===
  
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 The XopAI N‐terminal domain contains a myristoylation motif, which was previously identified in several T3Es of //P. syringae//, indicating that effectors with this N‐terminal domain are targeted to host cellular membranes (White //et al.//, 2009). The XopAI N‐terminal domain contains a myristoylation motif, which was previously identified in several T3Es of //P. syringae//, indicating that effectors with this N‐terminal domain are targeted to host cellular membranes (White //et al.//, 2009).
 +
 === Enzymatic function === === Enzymatic function ===
  
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 Structural homologs of XopAI are, among others, the HopU1 (//Pseudomonas syringae// T3SS-secreted effector HopU1, PDB code [[https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3U0J|3U0J]]), Tre1 (//Serratia proteamaculans// T6SS-secreted ADP-ribosyltransferase effector 1, PDB code [[https://www.rcsb.org/structure/6DRH|6DRH]]), ART2.2 (rat mART2.2, PDB code [[https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1GXY|1GXY]]), and ExoS (//Pseudomonas// //aeruginosa// exoenzyme S, PDB code [[https://www.rcsb.org/structure/6GN8|6GN8]]) (Liu //et al.//, 2019). Structural homologs of XopAI are, among others, the HopU1 (//Pseudomonas syringae// T3SS-secreted effector HopU1, PDB code [[https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3U0J|3U0J]]), Tre1 (//Serratia proteamaculans// T6SS-secreted ADP-ribosyltransferase effector 1, PDB code [[https://www.rcsb.org/structure/6DRH|6DRH]]), ART2.2 (rat mART2.2, PDB code [[https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1GXY|1GXY]]), and ExoS (//Pseudomonas// //aeruginosa// exoenzyme S, PDB code [[https://www.rcsb.org/structure/6GN8|6GN8]]) (Liu //et al.//, 2019).
 +
 === Interaction partners === === Interaction partners ===
  
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 === In xanthomonads === === In xanthomonads ===
  
-XopAI is conserved in the Citrus canker strains, including //X. citri// pv. //citri// and //X. citri// pv. //aurantifolii // (ex //X. fuscans// pv. //aurantifolii//) (Moreira //et al.//, 2010). However, XopAI is absent from the Citrus bacterial spot pathogen, //X. euvesicatoria// pv. //citrumelonis// (ex //X. axonopodis// pv. //citrumelo//) strain F1 (Jalan //et al.//, 2011).+XopAI is conserved in the Citrus canker strains, including //X. citri// pv. //citri// and //X. citri// pv. //aurantifolii// (ex //X. fuscans// pv. //aurantifolii//) (Moreira //et al.//, 2010). However, XopAI is absent from the Citrus bacterial spot pathogen, //X. euvesicatoria// pv. //citrumelonis// (ex //X. axonopodis// pv. //citrumelo//) strain F1 (Jalan //et al.//, 2011). 
 + 
 +XopAI homologs were also found in //X. citri// pv. //bilvae// and //X. citri// pv. //glycines//, as well as in the species //X. arboricola//, //X. hortorum//, //X. vesicatoria// (Moreira //et al.//, 2010; Liu //et al.//, 2019).
  
-XopAI homologs were also found in //X. citri// pv. //bilvae// and //X. citri// pv. //glycines//, as well as in the species //X. arboricola//, //X. hortorum//, //X. vesicatoria// (Moreira //et al.//, 2010;  Liu //et al.//, 2019). 
 === In other plant pathogens/symbionts === === In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
  
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 White FF, Potnis N, Jones JB, Koebnik R (2009). The type III effectors of //Xanthomonas//. Mol. Plant Pathol. 10: 749-766. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00590.x|10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00590.x]] White FF, Potnis N, Jones JB, Koebnik R (2009). The type III effectors of //Xanthomonas//. Mol. Plant Pathol. 10: 749-766. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00590.x|10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00590.x]]
 +
 +===== Acknowledgements =====
 +
 +This fact sheet is based upon work from COST Action CA16107 EuroXanth, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).
 +
  
bacteria/t3e/xopai.1734359923.txt.gz · Last modified: 2024/12/16 14:38 by rkoebnik

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