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bacteria:t3e:xopah [2025/08/01 13:04] – apasselerguebacteria:t3e:xopah [2025/08/04 09:40] (current) – [The Type III Effector XopAH from //Xanthomonas//] rkoebnik
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 ====== The Type III Effector XopAH from //Xanthomonas// ====== ====== The Type III Effector XopAH from //Xanthomonas// ======
  
-Author: (AvrXccC)[[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Steven_Roberts8|Steven J. Roberts]], (FZ025_RS19665)Anna Passelergue\\ +Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Steven_Roberts8|Steven J. Roberts]]\\ 
-Internal reviewer: (AvrXccC)[[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christian_Verniere|Christian Vernière]], (FZ025_RS19665)[[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ralf_Koebnik|Ralf Koebnik]]+Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christian_Verniere|Christian Vernière]], Anna Passelergue\\ 
 +Expert reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ralf_Koebnik|Ralf Koebnik]]
  
 Class: XopAH\\ Class: XopAH\\
 Family: XopAH\\ Family: XopAH\\
-Prototype: AvrXccC (//Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //campestris//; strain 8004), FZ025_RS19665 (Xanthomonas hyacinthi; strain CFBP 1156)\\ +Prototype: AvrXccC (//Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //campestris//; strain 8004)\\ 
-GenBank ID: (AvrXccC)[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/ABQ10636.1|ABQ10636.1]] (440 aa),\\ +GenBank ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/ABQ10636.1|ABQ10636.1]] (440 aa)\\ 
-RefSeq ID: (AvrXccC)[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_011037263.1|WP_011037263.1]] (331 aa, perhaps 109 aa too short since the 440-aa version would include a typical N-terminal palmitoylation signal, MGLC), (FZ025_RS19665)[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_244292408.1|WP_244292408.1]] (356 aa)\\+RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_011037263.1|WP_011037263.1]] (331 aa, perhaps 109 aa too short since the 440-aa version would include a typical N-terminal palmitoylation signal, MGLC)\\
 Synonym: AvrXccC (//Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //campestris//), AvrXccFM (//Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //campestris//) (Castañeda //et al.//, 2005)\\ Synonym: AvrXccC (//Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //campestris//), AvrXccFM (//Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //campestris//) (Castañeda //et al.//, 2005)\\
 3D structure: Unknown 3D structure: Unknown
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 === How discovered? === === How discovered? ===
  
-AvrXccC was described during a genome comparison analysis between //Xanthomonas citri// pv. citri and //X. campestris// pv. campestris Xcc strain ATCC 33913 = NCPPB 528 (Da Silva et al., 2002) and in a search of annotated genome (Castenada //et al//., 2005).+AvrXccC was described during a genome comparison analysis between //Xanthomonas citri// pv. //citri// strain 306 and //X. campestris// pv. //campestris// strain ATCC 33913 = NCPPB 528 (Da Silva et al., 2002) and in a search of annotated genomes (Castenada //et al//., 2005).
  
-XopAH (FZ025_RS19665) was discovered as an ORF that is encoded downstream of a PIP box and a properly spaced ‐10 promoter motif (TTCGB‐N<sub>15</sub> ‐TTCGB‐N<sub>30–32</sub> ‐YANNNT) (Passelergue, 2025). Additional evidence came from the presence of conserved myristoylation and palmitoylation signals at the N terminus (Nimchuk //et al.//, 2000; Thieme //et al.//, 2007). The protein was also predicted as a type III effector by [[https://effectidor.tau.ac.il/|Effectidor II]], a pan-genomic AI-based algorithm for the prediction of type III secretion system effectors (Wagner //et al.//, 2025).+The homolog in //Xanthomonas hyacinthi// strain CFBP 1156 (FZ025_RS19665) was discovered as an ORF that is encoded downstream of a PIP box and a properly spaced ‐10 promoter motif (TTCGB‐N<sub>15</sub> ‐TTCGB‐N<sub>30–32</sub> ‐YANNNT) (Passelergue, 2025). Remark: The ORF of locus FZ025_RS19665 probably lacks 88 codons at the N terminus, as suggested by a shorter distance to the ‐10 promoter motif and the presence of a Shine-Dalgarno sequence (AGGAG). This conclusion is also supported by the presence of conserved myristoylation and palmitoylation signals at the N terminus when the ORF is extended by 88 codons at the N terminus (Nimchuk //et al.//, 2000; Thieme //et al.//, 2007). The protein was also predicted as a type III effector by [[https://effectidor.tau.ac.il/|Effectidor II]], a pan-genomic AI-based algorithm for the prediction of type III secretion system effectors (Wagner //et al.//, 2025).
 === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E === === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
  
 Secreted XopAH (AvrXccC) proteins were detected in culture fluid from //Xcc// 8004 and //hrcV// mutant complemented strains but not from the //hrcV// mutant (Wang //et al//., 2007). Insertion and deletion mutants affecting the locus (Xcc2109) in the type strain (Xcc 528) resulted in loss of virulence on the host Florida Broad Leaf Mustard (Castañeda //et al//., 2005). Secreted XopAH (AvrXccC) proteins were detected in culture fluid from //Xcc// 8004 and //hrcV// mutant complemented strains but not from the //hrcV// mutant (Wang //et al//., 2007). Insertion and deletion mutants affecting the locus (Xcc2109) in the type strain (Xcc 528) resulted in loss of virulence on the host Florida Broad Leaf Mustard (Castañeda //et al//., 2005).
  
-XopAH (FZ025_RS19665) was shown to have a functional type III secretion signal using a reporter fusion with AvrBs1 (Zhao //et al.//, 2013; Passelergue, 2025).+The homolog in //X. hyacinthi// strain CFBP 1156 (FZ025_RS19665), including the typical N-terminal palmitoylation signal (MGLC), was shown to have a functional type III secretion signal using a reporter fusion with AvrBs1 (Zhao //et al.//, 2013; Passelergue, 2025).
 === Regulation === === Regulation ===
  
 Promoter activity assays showed that the expression of XopAH (//avrXccC//) is //hrpG/hrpX//-dependent (Wang //et al//., 2007). Promoter activity assays showed that the expression of XopAH (//avrXccC//) is //hrpG/hrpX//-dependent (Wang //et al//., 2007).
  
-The presence of a PIP box and a properly spaced ‐10 promoter motif (TTCGB‐N<sub>15</sub> ‐TTCGB‐N<sub>30–32</sub> ‐YANNNT) suggests that the //xopAH// gene (FZ025_RS19665) is under control of HrpG and HrpX (Wengelnik & Bonas, 1996; Wengelnik //et al.//, 1996; Koebnik //et al.//, 2006).+The presence of a PIP box and a properly spaced ‐10 promoter motif (TTCGB‐N<sub>15</sub> ‐TTCGB‐N<sub>30–32</sub> ‐YANNNT) suggests that the //xopAH// gene of //X. hyacinthi// strain CFBP 1156 (FZ025_RS19665) is under control of HrpG and HrpX (Wengelnik & Bonas, 1996; Wengelnik //et al.//, 1996; Koebnik //et al.//, 2006).
 === Phenotypes === === Phenotypes ===
  
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 === In xanthomonads === === In xanthomonads ===
  
-In //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. campestris. XopAH is also present in //X. arboricola// pv. juglandis within strains causing Walnut Blight but is absent from the strains causing vertical oozing canker (Cesbron //et al.//, 2015).+In //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. campestris. XopAH is also present in //X. arboricola// pv. juglandis within strains causing walnut blight but is absent from the strains causing vertical oozing canker (Cesbron //et al.//, 2015).
  
-But also conserved in //X. hydrangeae//, //X. axonopodis//, //X. hortorum//, //X. dyei//.+But also conserved in //X. hyacinthi//, //X. hydrangeae//, //X. axonopodis// pv. cyamopsidis, //X. hortorum//, //X. dyei//.
 === In other plant pathogens/symbionts === === In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
  
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 But also conserved in //Pseudomonas// spp., //Xylophilus ampelinus// and// Exilibacterium //sp//.//, But also conserved in //Pseudomonas// spp., //Xylophilus ampelinus// and// Exilibacterium //sp//.//,
 +
 ===== References ===== ===== References =====
  
bacteria/t3e/xopah.1754049890.txt.gz · Last modified: 2025/08/01 13:04 by apasselergue

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