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bacteria:t3e:avrbs3

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bacteria:t3e:avrbs3 [2025/07/04 21:56] – jfpothierbacteria:t3e:avrbs3 [2025/07/04 23:06] (current) – jfpothier
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 Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nay_Dia2|Nay C. Dia]]\\ Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nay_Dia2|Nay C. Dia]]\\
 Internal reviewer: [[https://www.genetik.uni-hannover.de/boch.html|Jens Boch]]\\ Internal reviewer: [[https://www.genetik.uni-hannover.de/boch.html|Jens Boch]]\\
-Expert reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sabine_Thieme3|Sabine Thieme]]+Expert reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sabine_Thieme3|Sabine Thieme]]\\
  
 Class: AvrBs3\\ Class: AvrBs3\\
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 The gene //avrBs3// was cloned in 1989 and was the first gene described of the TAL effector (TALE) family (Minsavage //et al//., 1990). Different resistant and susceptible cultivars of peppers were inoculated with //Xcv// strains 71-21 and 82-8 (Bonas //et al//., 1989). The pepper cultivar ECW-30R carries the resistance gene //Bs3// and inoculation of these //Xcv// strains provoked a hypersensitive response (HR) (Bonas //et al//., 1989). This indicated that both //Xcv// strains contained //avrBs3//. The gene //avrBs3// was cloned in 1989 and was the first gene described of the TAL effector (TALE) family (Minsavage //et al//., 1990). Different resistant and susceptible cultivars of peppers were inoculated with //Xcv// strains 71-21 and 82-8 (Bonas //et al//., 1989). The pepper cultivar ECW-30R carries the resistance gene //Bs3// and inoculation of these //Xcv// strains provoked a hypersensitive response (HR) (Bonas //et al//., 1989). This indicated that both //Xcv// strains contained //avrBs3//.
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 === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E === === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
  
 AvrBs3 is secreted and translocated into the plant via the Hrp type III secretion system (Bonas //et al//., 1991; Van den Ackerveken //et al//., 1996; Bonas //et al//., 1999). In contrast to wild-type bacteria, an //Xcv// mutant carrying a deletion in the conserved //hrp// gene //hrcV// did not secrete AvrBs3 indicating that AvrBs3 is transported by the Hrp system (Rossier //et al//., 1999). The first 10 and 50 amino acids of AvrBs3 are required for secretion and translocation, respectively (Scheibner //et al//., 2017). In its C-terminal domain, AvrBs3 carries an acidic activation domain which is functional in plant cells (Van den Ackerveken //et al//., 1996). Two nuclear localization signals in the C-terminal domain of AvrBs3 facilitate transport into the plant cell nucleus (Van den Ackerveken //et al//., 1996; Szurek //et al//., 2002). These eukaryotic features support the role of AvrBs3 and members of the TALE family within the eukaryotic host cell. AvrBs3 is secreted and translocated into the plant via the Hrp type III secretion system (Bonas //et al//., 1991; Van den Ackerveken //et al//., 1996; Bonas //et al//., 1999). In contrast to wild-type bacteria, an //Xcv// mutant carrying a deletion in the conserved //hrp// gene //hrcV// did not secrete AvrBs3 indicating that AvrBs3 is transported by the Hrp system (Rossier //et al//., 1999). The first 10 and 50 amino acids of AvrBs3 are required for secretion and translocation, respectively (Scheibner //et al//., 2017). In its C-terminal domain, AvrBs3 carries an acidic activation domain which is functional in plant cells (Van den Ackerveken //et al//., 1996). Two nuclear localization signals in the C-terminal domain of AvrBs3 facilitate transport into the plant cell nucleus (Van den Ackerveken //et al//., 1996; Szurek //et al//., 2002). These eukaryotic features support the role of AvrBs3 and members of the TALE family within the eukaryotic host cell.
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 === Regulation === === Regulation ===
  
 Unlike most other type III effectors, expression of //avrBs3// is not dependend on the hrp regulon and the gene does not contain a PIP box in its promoter region. It is expressed constitutively in cells grown in minimal or complex medium and //in planta// (Knoop //et al//., 1991). Unlike most other type III effectors, expression of //avrBs3// is not dependend on the hrp regulon and the gene does not contain a PIP box in its promoter region. It is expressed constitutively in cells grown in minimal or complex medium and //in planta// (Knoop //et al//., 1991).
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 === Phenotypes === === Phenotypes ===
  
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 The central region of the //avrBs3// gene consists of 17.5 nearly identical 102 bp repeats. Each repeat encodes 34 amino acids (Bonas //et al//., 1989). Repeat variable di-residues (RVDs) at positions 12 and 13 determine the specificity of each repeat (Boch //et al//., 2009; Moscou & Bogdanove, 2009). Rearranging individual repeats enables construction of any desired DNA-binding specificity (Boch //et al.//, 2009). The central region of the //avrBs3// gene consists of 17.5 nearly identical 102 bp repeats. Each repeat encodes 34 amino acids (Bonas //et al//., 1989). Repeat variable di-residues (RVDs) at positions 12 and 13 determine the specificity of each repeat (Boch //et al//., 2009; Moscou & Bogdanove, 2009). Rearranging individual repeats enables construction of any desired DNA-binding specificity (Boch //et al.//, 2009).
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 === Localization === === Localization ===
  
 The //avrBs3// gene is localized on pXV11, a self-transmissible plasmid, and was initially isolated from //Xcv// strain 71-21 (Bonas //et al//., 1989). Using complementation of //Xcv// strain 85-10 (virulent on pepper ECW-30R), a 5-kb fragment including //avrBs3// was discovered (Bonas //et al//., 1989). The //avrBs3// gene is localized on pXV11, a self-transmissible plasmid, and was initially isolated from //Xcv// strain 71-21 (Bonas //et al//., 1989). Using complementation of //Xcv// strain 85-10 (virulent on pepper ECW-30R), a 5-kb fragment including //avrBs3// was discovered (Bonas //et al//., 1989).
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 === Molecular function === === Molecular function ===
  
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 Importin alpha (Szurek //et al.//, 2001) interacts with the nuclear localization sequences of AvrBs3. The basal transcription factor IIA, gamma subunit from rice interacts with a region in the C-terminal domain of TALEs (Yuan //et al//., 2016) and similar interactions might be possible for AvrBs3, too. AvrBs3 and the TALE-family of effectors bind to DNA (Kay //et al//., 2007; Römer //et al//., 2007) with their N-terminal domain exhibiting general DNA-binding properties (Gao //et al.//, 2012) and the repeat region facilitating specific interaction to DNA bases (Boch //et al//., 2009; Moscou & Bogdanove, 2009). Importin alpha (Szurek //et al.//, 2001) interacts with the nuclear localization sequences of AvrBs3. The basal transcription factor IIA, gamma subunit from rice interacts with a region in the C-terminal domain of TALEs (Yuan //et al//., 2016) and similar interactions might be possible for AvrBs3, too. AvrBs3 and the TALE-family of effectors bind to DNA (Kay //et al//., 2007; Römer //et al//., 2007) with their N-terminal domain exhibiting general DNA-binding properties (Gao //et al.//, 2012) and the repeat region facilitating specific interaction to DNA bases (Boch //et al//., 2009; Moscou & Bogdanove, 2009).
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 ===== Conservation ===== ===== Conservation =====
  
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 Yes: Genes homologous to //avrBs3// of //Xanthomonas// were detected in some strains of //Ralstonia solanacearum// biovars 3, 4 and 5 (Heuer //et al//., 2007), in endofungal strains of //Burkholderia rhizoxinica// (Lacker //et al//., 2011), and in unknown marine organisms. All these related proteins can bind DNA (de Lange //et al//., 2013; de Lange //et al.//, 2014; de Lange //et al//., 2015). Yes: Genes homologous to //avrBs3// of //Xanthomonas// were detected in some strains of //Ralstonia solanacearum// biovars 3, 4 and 5 (Heuer //et al//., 2007), in endofungal strains of //Burkholderia rhizoxinica// (Lacker //et al//., 2011), and in unknown marine organisms. All these related proteins can bind DNA (de Lange //et al//., 2013; de Lange //et al.//, 2014; de Lange //et al//., 2015).
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 ===== References ===== ===== References =====
  
bacteria/t3e/avrbs3.1751662584.txt.gz · Last modified: 2025/07/04 21:56 by jfpothier

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