bacteria:t3e:avrbs3
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| bacteria:t3e:avrbs3 [2023/01/09 10:20] – external edit 127.0.0.1 | bacteria:t3e:avrbs3 [2025/07/04 23:06] (current) – jfpothier | ||
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| - | ====== AvrBs3 ====== | + | ====== |
| Author: [[https:// | Author: [[https:// | ||
| Internal reviewer: [[https:// | Internal reviewer: [[https:// | ||
| - | Expert reviewer: [[https:// | + | Expert reviewer: [[https:// |
| Class: AvrBs3\\ | Class: AvrBs3\\ | ||
| Family: Transcription Activator-Like (TAL) Effectors, TALEs (previously: | Family: Transcription Activator-Like (TAL) Effectors, TALEs (previously: | ||
| Prototype: AvrBs3 (// | Prototype: AvrBs3 (// | ||
| - | RefSeq | + | GenBank |
| - | 3D structure: [[https:// | + | RefSeq ID: [[https:// |
| + | 3D structure: [[https:// | ||
| ===== Biological function ===== | ===== Biological function ===== | ||
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| === How discovered? === | === How discovered? === | ||
| - | The gene //avrBs3 //was cloned in 1989 and was the first gene described of the TAL effector (TALE) family (Minsavage //et al//., 1990). Different resistant and susceptible cultivars of peppers were inoculated with //Xcv// strains 71-21 and 82-8 (Bonas //et al//., 1989). The pepper cultivar ECW-30R carries the resistance gene //Bs3 //and inoculation of these //Xcv// strains provoked a hypersensitive response (HR) (Bonas //et al//., 1989). This indicated that both //Xcv// strains contained //avrBs3//. | + | The gene //avrBs3// was cloned in 1989 and was the first gene described of the TAL effector (TALE) family (Minsavage //et al//., 1990). Different resistant and susceptible cultivars of peppers were inoculated with //Xcv// strains 71-21 and 82-8 (Bonas //et al//., 1989). The pepper cultivar ECW-30R carries the resistance gene //Bs3// and inoculation of these //Xcv// strains provoked a hypersensitive response (HR) (Bonas //et al//., 1989). This indicated that both //Xcv// strains contained //avrBs3//. |
| === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E === | === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E === | ||
| AvrBs3 is secreted and translocated into the plant via the Hrp type III secretion system (Bonas //et al//., 1991; Van den Ackerveken //et al//., 1996; Bonas //et al//., 1999). In contrast to wild-type bacteria, an //Xcv// mutant carrying a deletion in the conserved //hrp// gene //hrcV// did not secrete AvrBs3 indicating that AvrBs3 is transported by the Hrp system (Rossier //et al//., 1999). The first 10 and 50 amino acids of AvrBs3 are required for secretion and translocation, | AvrBs3 is secreted and translocated into the plant via the Hrp type III secretion system (Bonas //et al//., 1991; Van den Ackerveken //et al//., 1996; Bonas //et al//., 1999). In contrast to wild-type bacteria, an //Xcv// mutant carrying a deletion in the conserved //hrp// gene //hrcV// did not secrete AvrBs3 indicating that AvrBs3 is transported by the Hrp system (Rossier //et al//., 1999). The first 10 and 50 amino acids of AvrBs3 are required for secretion and translocation, | ||
| + | |||
| === Regulation === | === Regulation === | ||
| - | Unlike most other type III effectors, expression of //avrBs3// is not dependend on the hrp regulon and the gene does not contain a PIP box in its promoter region. It is expressed constitutively in cells grown in minimal or complex medium and in planta (Knoop //et al//., 1991). | + | Unlike most other type III effectors, expression of //avrBs3// is not dependend on the hrp regulon and the gene does not contain a PIP box in its promoter region. It is expressed constitutively in cells grown in minimal or complex medium and //in planta// (Knoop //et al//., 1991). |
| === Phenotypes === | === Phenotypes === | ||
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| The central region of the //avrBs3// gene consists of 17.5 nearly identical 102 bp repeats. Each repeat encodes 34 amino acids (Bonas //et al//., 1989). Repeat variable di-residues (RVDs) at positions 12 and 13 determine the specificity of each repeat (Boch //et al//., 2009; Moscou & Bogdanove, 2009). Rearranging individual repeats enables construction of any desired DNA-binding specificity (Boch //et al.//, 2009). | The central region of the //avrBs3// gene consists of 17.5 nearly identical 102 bp repeats. Each repeat encodes 34 amino acids (Bonas //et al//., 1989). Repeat variable di-residues (RVDs) at positions 12 and 13 determine the specificity of each repeat (Boch //et al//., 2009; Moscou & Bogdanove, 2009). Rearranging individual repeats enables construction of any desired DNA-binding specificity (Boch //et al.//, 2009). | ||
| + | |||
| === Localization === | === Localization === | ||
| The //avrBs3// gene is localized on pXV11, a self-transmissible plasmid, and was initially isolated from //Xcv// strain 71-21 (Bonas //et al//., 1989). Using complementation of //Xcv// strain 85-10 (virulent on pepper ECW-30R), a 5-kb fragment including //avrBs3// was discovered (Bonas //et al//., 1989). | The //avrBs3// gene is localized on pXV11, a self-transmissible plasmid, and was initially isolated from //Xcv// strain 71-21 (Bonas //et al//., 1989). Using complementation of //Xcv// strain 85-10 (virulent on pepper ECW-30R), a 5-kb fragment including //avrBs3// was discovered (Bonas //et al//., 1989). | ||
| + | |||
| === Molecular function === | === Molecular function === | ||
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| Importin alpha (Szurek //et al.//, 2001) interacts with the nuclear localization sequences of AvrBs3. The basal transcription factor IIA, gamma subunit from rice interacts with a region in the C-terminal domain of TALEs (Yuan //et al//., 2016) and similar interactions might be possible for AvrBs3, too. AvrBs3 and the TALE-family of effectors bind to DNA (Kay //et al//., 2007; Römer //et al//., 2007) with their N-terminal domain exhibiting general DNA-binding properties (Gao //et al.//, 2012) and the repeat region facilitating specific interaction to DNA bases (Boch //et al//., 2009; Moscou & Bogdanove, 2009). | Importin alpha (Szurek //et al.//, 2001) interacts with the nuclear localization sequences of AvrBs3. The basal transcription factor IIA, gamma subunit from rice interacts with a region in the C-terminal domain of TALEs (Yuan //et al//., 2016) and similar interactions might be possible for AvrBs3, too. AvrBs3 and the TALE-family of effectors bind to DNA (Kay //et al//., 2007; Römer //et al//., 2007) with their N-terminal domain exhibiting general DNA-binding properties (Gao //et al.//, 2012) and the repeat region facilitating specific interaction to DNA bases (Boch //et al//., 2009; Moscou & Bogdanove, 2009). | ||
| + | |||
| ===== Conservation ===== | ===== Conservation ===== | ||
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| === In other plant pathogens/ | === In other plant pathogens/ | ||
| - | Yes: Genes homologous to //avrBs3// of // | + | Yes: Genes homologous to //avrBs3// of // |
| ===== References ===== | ===== References ===== | ||
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| de Lange O, Schreiber T, Schandry N, Radeck J, Braun KH, Koszinowski J, Heuer H, Strauß A, Lahaye T (2013). Breaking the DNA-binding code of //Ralstonia solanacearum// | de Lange O, Schreiber T, Schandry N, Radeck J, Braun KH, Koszinowski J, Heuer H, Strauß A, Lahaye T (2013). Breaking the DNA-binding code of //Ralstonia solanacearum// | ||
| - | de Lange O, Wolf C, Dietze J, Elsaesser J, Morbitzer R, Lahaye T (2014). Programmable DNA-binding proteins from Burkholderia provide a fresh perspective on the TALE-like repeat domain. Nuc. Acids Res. 42: 7436-7449. DOI: [[https:// | + | de Lange O, Wolf C, Dietze J, Elsaesser J, Morbitzer R, Lahaye T (2014). Programmable DNA-binding proteins from Burkholderia provide a fresh perspective on the TALE-like repeat domain. Nuc. Acids Res. 42: 7436-7449. DOI: [[https:// |
| de Lange O, Wolf C, Thiel P, Krüger J, Kleusch C, Kohlbacher O, Lahaye T (2015). DNA-binding proteins from marine bacteria expand the known sequence diversity of TALE-like repeats. Nuc. Acids Res. 43: 10065-10080. DOI: [[https:// | de Lange O, Wolf C, Thiel P, Krüger J, Kleusch C, Kohlbacher O, Lahaye T (2015). DNA-binding proteins from marine bacteria expand the known sequence diversity of TALE-like repeats. Nuc. Acids Res. 43: 10065-10080. DOI: [[https:// | ||
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| Lackner G, Moebius N, Partida-Martinez LP, Boland S, Hertweck C (2011). Evolution of an endofungal lifestyle: Deductions from the // | Lackner G, Moebius N, Partida-Martinez LP, Boland S, Hertweck C (2011). Evolution of an endofungal lifestyle: Deductions from the // | ||
| + | |||
| + | Liu L, Zhang Y, Liu M, Wei W, Yi C, Peng J (2020). Structural insights into the specific recognition of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by TAL effectors. J. Mol. Biol. 432: | ||
| Mak AN, Bradley P, Cernadas RA, Bogdanove AJ, Stoddard BL (2012). The crystal structure of TAL effector PthXo1 bound to its DNA target. Science 335: 716-719. DOI: [[https:// | Mak AN, Bradley P, Cernadas RA, Bogdanove AJ, Stoddard BL (2012). The crystal structure of TAL effector PthXo1 bound to its DNA target. Science 335: 716-719. DOI: [[https:// | ||
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| Stella S, Molina R, Yefimenko I, Prieto J, Silva G, Bertonati C, Juillerat A, Duchateau P, Montoya G (2013). Structure of the AvrBs3–DNA complex provides new insights into the initial thymine-recognition mechanism. Acta Cryst. 69: 1707-1716. DOI: [[http:// | Stella S, Molina R, Yefimenko I, Prieto J, Silva G, Bertonati C, Juillerat A, Duchateau P, Montoya G (2013). Structure of the AvrBs3–DNA complex provides new insights into the initial thymine-recognition mechanism. Acta Cryst. 69: 1707-1716. DOI: [[http:// | ||
| - | Szurek B, Marois E, Bonas U, Van den Ackerveken G (2001). Eukaryotic features of the // | + | Szurek B, Marois E, Bonas U, Van den Ackerveken G (2001). Eukaryotic features of the // |
| Szurek B, Rossier O, Hause G, Bonas U (2002). Type III-dependent translocation of the // | Szurek B, Rossier O, Hause G, Bonas U (2002). Type III-dependent translocation of the // | ||
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| Van den Ackerveken G, Marois E, Bonas U (1996). Recognition of the bacterial avirulence protein AvrBs3 occurs inside the host plant cell. Cell 87: 1307-1316. DOI: [[https:// | Van den Ackerveken G, Marois E, Bonas U (1996). Recognition of the bacterial avirulence protein AvrBs3 occurs inside the host plant cell. Cell 87: 1307-1316. DOI: [[https:// | ||
| - | Yin P, Deng D, Yan C, Pan X, Xi JJ, Yan N, Shi Y (2012). Specific DNA-RNA hybrid recognition by TAL effectors. Cell Rep. 2: 707-713. DOI: 1[[https:// | + | Yin P, Deng D, Yan C, Pan X, Xi JJ, Yan N, Shi Y (2012). Specific DNA-RNA hybrid recognition by TAL effectors. Cell Rep. 2: 707-713. DOI: [[https:// |
| ===== Further reading ===== | ===== Further reading ===== | ||
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| Xue J, Lu Z, Liu W, Wang S, Lu D, Wang X, He X (2020). The genetic arms race between plant and // | Xue J, Lu Z, Liu W, Wang S, Lu D, Wang X, He X (2020). The genetic arms race between plant and // | ||
| + | |||
| + | Zhang B, Han X, Yuan W, Zhang H (2022). TALEs as double-edged swords in plant-pathogen interactions: | ||
| Zhang J, Yin Z, White F (2015). TAL effectors and the executor //R// genes. Front. Plant Sci. 6: 641. DOI: [[https:// | Zhang J, Yin Z, White F (2015). TAL effectors and the executor //R// genes. Front. Plant Sci. 6: 641. DOI: [[https:// | ||
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| + | ===== Acknowledgements ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | This fact sheet is based upon work from COST Action CA16107 EuroXanth, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). | ||
bacteria/t3e/avrbs3.1673259603.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/01/09 10:20 by 127.0.0.1
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