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--- bacteria:t3e:avrbs1 [2024/12/16 14:00] – [The Type III Effector AvrBs1 from //Xanthomonas//] rkoebnik
+++ bacteria:t3e:avrbs1 [2025/02/17 22:34] (current) – jfpothier
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 === How discovered? ===
-Dahlbeck and Stall (1979) demonstrated that pepper race 2 strains of //X//. //campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// (//Xcv//) spontaneously mutate from avirulence to virulence (race 1) at a high frequency (4×10<sup>-4</sup>  per cell per division) when inoculated into a pepper cultivar containing the //Bs1// locus. Later, avirulence loci were found to be located in a plasmid during trials to transmit the copper resistence loci by conjugation (Stall //et al.//, 1986). In further studies an avirulence gene in race 2 strains was cloned and molecularly characterized by restriction enzyme mapping, subcloning and deletion analysis. The gene, //avrBs1,// was localized to a 5.3-kb fragment of DNA, located in the self-transmissible copper resistance plasmid pXvCu1. A single cosmid clone, pXv2000, was identified to specifically convert virulent race 1 isolates of //Xcv// to avirulence when inoculated into the pepper cultivar ECW10R containing the dominant resistance gene //Bs1//. It was demonstrated that the cloned wild type avirulence gene //avrBs1//, which encodes encodes a 50-kD protein, can complement race 2 spontaneous race-change mutants (Ronald & Staskawicz, 1988; Swanson //et al.//, 1988).
+Dahlbeck and Stall (1979) demonstrated that pepper race 2 strains of //X//. //campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// (//Xcv//) spontaneously mutate from avirulence to virulence (race 1) at a high frequency (4×10<sup>-4</sup> per cell per division) when inoculated into a pepper cultivar containing the //Bs1// locus. Later, avirulence loci were found to be located in a plasmid during trials to transmit the copper resistence loci by conjugation (Stall //et al.//, 1986). In further studies an avirulence gene in race 2 strains was cloned and molecularly characterized by restriction enzyme mapping, subcloning and deletion analysis. The gene, //avrBs1,// was localized to a 5.3-kb fragment of DNA, located in the self-transmissible copper resistance plasmid pXvCu1. A single cosmid clone, pXv2000, was identified to specifically convert virulent race 1 isolates of //Xcv// to avirulence when inoculated into the pepper cultivar ECW10R containing the dominant resistance gene //Bs1//. It was demonstrated that the cloned wild type avirulence gene //avrBs1//, which encodes encodes a 50-kD protein, can complement race 2 spontaneous race-change mutants (Ronald & Staskawicz, 1988; Swanson //et al.//, 1988).
 === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===

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