Plant Resistance Genes in Cotton (//Gossypium// L. spp.) against //Xanthomonas// Infection

Author: Abdel Rahman Mohammad Al Tawaha & Vito Montilon
Internal reviewer: Cristina Cameirão

NA

Gossypium hirsutum cultivar Uganda B31 (Knight & Clouston, 1939).

Identified (Knight & Clouston, 1939).

NA

NA

NA

Gossypium hirsutum cultivar Uganda B31 (Knight & Clouston, 1939); Gossypium punctatum (Jalloul et al., 2015).

Mapped on chromosome 20 (Delannoy et al., 2005).

RFLP markers (Delannoy et al., 2005; Wright et al.,1998 ).

NA

NA

Gossypium hirsutum var. punctatum cultivar Schroeder 1306 (Knight, 1944).

Identified (Knight, 1944).

RFLP markers (Wright et al.,1998).

NA

NA

Gossypium arboreum cultivar Multani strain NT 12/30 (Knight, 1948)

Identified (Knight, 1948).

NA

NA

NA

Gossypium barbadense (Knight, 1950).

Identified (Knight, 1950).

NA

The locus B₅, when introgressed into the susceptible 'Acala 44' background (AcB₅), conferred strong and broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial blight (Essenberg et al., 2023). Segregation patterns indicated that AcB₅ is likely homozygous for resistance at two loci with partial dominance gene action, and two of the four copies of B₅ were required for effective resistance (Essenberg et al., 2023). Contrary to expectations of gene-for-gene theory, AcB₅ conferred high resistance toward isogenic strains of Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum carrying cloned avirulence genes avrB4, avrb7, avrBIn, avrB101, and avrB102, respectively, and weaker resistance toward the strain carrying cloned avrb6 (Essenberg et al., 2023). A link between number of B₅ alleles, level of resistance and sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin production was established (Essenberg et al., 2023).

B_6m (Saunders and Innes, 1963).

Gossypium arboreum cultivar Multani (Jalloul et al., 2015); Gossypium arboreum cultivar Multani strain NT 12/30 (Knight, 1953); Gossypium hirsutum cultivar Mwanza local UKBR61/12 (Innes, 1969).

Mapped: b_6a on LGU01, b_6b on chromosome 5, b_6c on chromosome 20, b_6d on chromosome 14 (Wright et al., 1998; Delannoy et al., 2005).

RFLP markers (Wright et al., 1998; Delannoy et al., 2005).

Associated to four distinct QTL loci b_6a, b_6b, b_6c, b_6d (Wright et al., 1998).

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NA

Gossypium hirsutum cultivar Stoneville 20 (Blank, 1949; Green and Brinkerhoff, 1956).

Identified (Blank, 1949).

NA

NA

NA

Gossypium anomalum (Knight, 1954).

Identified (Knight, 1954).

NA

NA

B9 (Knight, 1963; Lagiere, 1960).

Gossypium herbaceumcultivar Wagad 8 (Knight, 1963; Innes, 1965a); Gossypium hirsutum cultivar Allen 51-296 (Lagiere, 1960; Innes, 1965a).

Identified (Knight, 1963; Innes, 1965a).

NA

NA

B10 (Knight, 1963; Lagiere, 1960).

Gossypium hirsutumcultivar Kufra Oasis (Knight, 1963; Innes, 1965a); Gossypium hirsutum cultivar Allen 51-296 (Lagiere, 1960; Innes, 1965a).

Identified (Knight, 1963; Innes, 1965a).

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NA

Bherb (Innes, 1965b).

Gossypium herbaceum cultivar Wagad 8 (Innes, 1966).

NA

Identified (Innes, 1965b).

NA

NA

Gossypium hirsutum cultivar S295 (Wallace et al., 1989).

Mapped on chromosome 14 (Delannoy et al., 2005; Xiao et al., 2010).

RFLP markers (Wright et al.,1998) ; SSR and SNP markers (Xiao et al., 2010).

NA

NA

Gossypium hirsutum (Green & Brinkerhoff, 1956); Gossypium hirsutum cultivar Northern Star (Green & Brinkerhoff, 1956); Gossypium hirsutum cultivar Stormproof 1 (Green & Brinkerhoff, 1956).

Identified (Green & Brinkerhoff, 1956).

NA

NA

NA

Gossypium hirsutum cultivar Lumian 22 (Zhang et al., 2008).

Cloned and sequenced (Zhang et al., 2008).

NA

NA

Blank LM (1949). Breeding for resistance to bacterial blight of cotton. Phytopathology 39: 494-495.

Delannoy E, Lyon BR, Marmey P, Jalloul A, Daniel JF, Montillet JL, Essenberg M, Nicole M (2005). Resistance of cotton towards Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 43: 63-82. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.43.040204.140251

Essenberg M, McNally KL, Bayles MB, Pierce ML, Hall JA, Kuss CR, Shevell JL, Verhalen LM (2023). Gene B₅ in cotton confers high and broad resistance to bacterial blight and conditions high amounts of sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins. Phytopathology 113: 812-823. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-08-22-0310-FI

Green JM, Brinkerhoff LA (1956). Inheritance of three genes for bacterial blight resistance in Upland cotton. Agron. J. 48: 481-485. DOI: 10.2134/agronj1956.00021962004800110001x

Innes NL (1965a). Resistance to bacterial blight of Cotton: the genes B₉ and B₁₀. Exp. Agric. 1: 189-191. DOI: 10.1017/S0014479700021438

Innes NL (1965b). Inheritance of resistance to bacterial blight of cotton. II. Intra-herbaceum crosses. J. Agric. Sci. 64: 433-437. DOI: 10.1017/S0021859600016786

Innes NL (1966). Inheritance of resistance to bacterial blight of cotton. III. Herbaceum resistance transferred to tetraploid cotton. J. Agric. Sci. 66: 433-439. DOI: 10.1017/S0021859600063735

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Knight RL (1948). The genetics of blackarm resistance. VII. Gossypium arboreum L. J. Genet. 49: 109-116. DOI: 10.1007/BF02986827

Knight RL (1950). The genetics of blackarm resistance. VIII. Gossypium barbadense. J. Genet. 50: 67-76. DOI: 10.1007/BF02986795

Knight RL (1953). The genetics of blackarm resistance. IX. The gene B_6m from G. arboreum. J. Genet. 51: 270-275. DOI: 10.1007/BF03023298

Knight RL (1954). The genetics of blackarm resistance. XI. Gossypium anomalum. J. Genet. 52: 466-472. DOI: 10.1007/BF02981538

Knight RL (1963). The genetics of blackarm resistance. XII. Transference of resistance from Gossypium herbaceum to G. barbadense. J. Genet. 58: 328-346. DOI: 10.1007/BF02986304

Knight RL, Clouston TW (1939). The genetics of blackarm resistance. I. Factors B₁ and B₂. J. Genet. 38: 133-159. DOI: 10.1007/BF02982168

Lagiere R (1960). La bactériose du cotonnier (Xanthomonas malvacearum) (E.F. Smith) Dowson dans le monde et en République Centrafricaine (Oubangui-Chari), Paris, ICRT, p 252.

Saunders JH, Innes NL (1963). The genetics of bacterial blight resistance in cotton. Further evidence on the gene B_6m. Genetics Res. 4: 382-388. DOI: 10.1017/S0016672300003773

Wallace TP, El-Zik KM (1989). Inheritance of resistance in three cotton cultivars to the HV1 isolate of bacterial blight. Crop Sci. 29: 1114-1119. DOI :10.2135/cropsci1989.0011183X002900050003x

Wright RJ, Thaxton PM, El-Zik KM, Paterson AH (1998). D-subgenome bias of Xcm resistance genes in tetraploid Gossypium (cotton) suggests that polyploid formation has created novel avenues for evolution. Genetics 149: 1987-1996.

Xiao J, Fang DD, Bhatti M, Hendrix B, Cantrell R (2010). A SNP haplotype associated with a gene resistant to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Mol. Breeding 25: 593-602. DOI: 10.1007/s11032-009-9355-y

Zhang Y, Wang X, Cheng C, Gao Q, Liu J, Guo X (2008). Molecular cloning and characterization of GhNPR1, a gene implicated in pathogen responses from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Biosci Rep. 28: 7-14. DOI: 10.1042/BSR20070028

Egan LM, Stiller WN (2022). The past, present, and future of host plant resistance in cotton: an Australian perspective. Front. Plant Sci. 13: 895877. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.895877

Miao W, Wang X, Li M, Song C, Wang Y, Hu D, Wang J (2010). Genetic transformation of cotton with a harpin-encoding gene hpaXoo confers an enhanced defense response against different pathogens through a priming mechanism. BMC Plant Biol. 10: 67. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-67

Saini AK, Saini S, Raj K, Beniwal J, Garima G, Desai SG, Singhal P, Venkata Ramesh G, Kumar Sain S,Kumar R, Kumar A, Kumar Bhambhu M, Sandipan PB, Manikandan K, Kumar D, Bishnoi R (2024) Bacterial blight: Once a menacing disease of cotton in India, now tamed and fading from research spotlight. Plant Pathol. 73: 1675-1690. DOI: 10.1111/ppa.13921

Wallace TP, El-Zik KM (1990). Quantitative analysis of resistance in cotton to three new isolates of the bacterial blight pathogen. Theor. Appl. Genet. 79: 443-448. DOI: 10.1007/BF00226150

This fact sheet is based upon work from COST Action CA16107 EuroXanth, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).